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29343. When an alien sings at a rival´s post: a passerine excited by conspecific stimulus may show aggressive behaviour towards heterospecific individuals

Creator:
Petrusková, Tereza, Petrusek, Adam, Pavel, Václav, and Fuchs, Roman
Type:
article and TEXT
Subject:
meadow pipit, Anthus pratensis, interspecific territoriality, playback experiments, and misdirected aggressiveness
Language:
English
Description:
We tested the hypothesis that males of meadow pipits (Anthus pratensis) respond differentially to simulated territorial intrusions (song playback + bird model) by conspecific, related (tree pipit, Anthus trivialis), and unrelated individuals (willow warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus), and evaluated the effect of playback order. All tested males responded aggressively to the conspecific playback; reactions to heterospecific stimuli occurred only after previous excitation by the conspecific song and dummy, and were usually weaker. Apparently, although males were able to discriminate between playbacks, excitation by intrusion of a conspecific rival elicited an aggressive reaction to otherwise neutral stimuli. Reactions to heterospecific playbacks closely following the conspecific one did not differ significantly between congeneric and unrelated species. The response to a subsequent heterospecific stimulus, however, was taxon-dependent: congeneric species elicited a significantly stronger reaction than an unrelated one. We presume that this was due to the morphological similarity between pipits, and that the more intensive reaction could have been caused by stronger visual stimulus from the respective model. We discuss the potential benefits as well as limitations of using models (dummies) in playback experiments, and suggest that overexcitation by previous stimuli should be considered during experimental setup and data analysis in studies focusing both on interspecific aggressiveness and on neighbour-stranger interactions.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

29344. When does the inverse have the same sign pattern as the transpose?

Creator:
Eschenbach, Carolyn A., Hall, Frank J., Harrell, Deborah L., and Li, Zhongshan
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
math and sign pattern
Language:
English
Description:
By a sign pattern (matrix) we mean an array whose entries are from the set $\lbrace +,-,0\rbrace $. The sign patterns $A$ for which every real matrix with sign pattern $A$ has the property that its inverse has sign pattern $A^T$ are characterized. Sign patterns $A$ for which some real matrix with sign pattern $A$ has that property are investigated. Some fundamental results as well as constructions concerning such sign pattern matrices are provided. The relation between these sign patterns and the sign patterns of orthogonal matrices is examined.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

29346. When is a tree suitable for a veteran tree specialist? Variability in the habitat requirements of the great capricorn beetle (Cerambyx cerdo) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Creator:
Platek, Michal , Sebek, Pavel, Hauck, David , and Cizek, Lukas
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, saproxylic beetles, deadwood, conservation management, old trees, veteran trees, habitat requirements, realized niche, site-specifi c patterns, great capricorn beetle, and Cerambyx cerdo
Language:
English
Description:
Large veteran trees are key structures sustaining biodiversity in wooded landscapes. Many organisms associated with such trees are, however, also able to inhabit suitable trees with smaller diameters or other surrogate habitats. Understanding the mechanisms behind the importance of veteran trees and the conditions enabling veteran tree specialists to exploit smaller trees might help conservation efforts targeted at the diverse and highly endangered biota associated with veteran trees. To investigate this, we studied local patterns in the exploitation of trees by a veteran tree specialist, the great capricorn beetle (Cerambyx cerdo), at three sites with different soil characteristics, namely fl oodplain, dry-sandy and dry-rocky sites, where this beetle exploits oaks of large (~1.5 m), medium (~0.75 m) and small (~0.25 m) diameters, respectively. We recorded the presence and number of exit holes made by C. cerdo on each tree and related these to the characteristics of the trees: their diameters, openness of the canopy around them and their state of health. The probability of occurrence and the number of exit holes increased with tree diameter, canopy openness, and decreasing tree health, but these relationships differed considerably among the study sites. In dry conditions, trees of small diameters were more likely to be exploited by the beetle than in the fl oodplain. The number of exit holes, on the other hand, was a function of tree diameter, with large trees sustaining more beetles and thus acting as larger habitat patches. The species of oak affected the probability of exit hole presence as the sessile oak (Quercus petraea) and pedunculate oak (Q. robur) were preferred over Turkey oak (Q. cerris). The slope orientation also affected the presence of exit holes as trees on slopes with either an eastern or northern orientation were not exploited by the beetle. This study revealed a high level of between-site variability in the tree characteristics relevant to predicting the occurrence of C. cerdo, mainly with respect to diameter. Therefore, while the general patterns of habitat use and the fundamental niche of this beetle are well known, survival and protection of local populations is dependent on site-specifi c characteristics. The realized niche of this beetle must therefore be carefully considered when planning conservation management for a particular site. The results also signify that at some sites, small trees can, at least temporarily, substitute for scarce large trees if the state of their health is managed using proper conservation measures.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

29347. When landscape variables do not explain migration rates: An example from an endangered dragonfly, Leucorrhinia caudalis (Odonata: Libellulidae)

Creator:
Bolliger, Janine, Keller, Daniela, and Holderegger, Rolf
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, entomologie, Švýcarsko, Switzerland, Odonata, Leucorrhinia caudalis, assignment test, BIMR, contemporary gene flow, landscape genetics, microsatellites, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Leucorrhinia caudalis is a dragonfly species threatened throughout Europe. Despite evidence of the recent extension of its distribution range, it is unknown whether L. caudalis regularly or hardly ever migrates among ponds. The contemporary migration patterns of the species were investigated using Bayesian assignment tests and the migration rates related to landscape structural and thematic variables (distance between ponds, forest area, area of water body, area of hedgerow). Migration rates of L. caudalis are independent of any landscape element. Thus, landscape structure is not a barrier or corridor for migration in this species. The tendency of L. caudalis to disperse is largely independent of the nature of the landscape, at least at the scale of the present study. and Janine Bolliger, Daniela Keller, Rolf Holderegger.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

29348. When less is more - pipelle endometrial sampling for quantification of uterine natural killer cells in patients with recurrent implantation failure or habitual abortion

Creator:
Lapides, Lenka, Varga, Ivan, Klein, Martin, Rybánska, Lenka, Belušáková, Viera, and Babál, Pavel
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
endometrium, uterine NK cells, recurrent implantation failure, habitual abortion, pipelle endometrial sampling, and curettage
Language:
English
Description:
Despite recent advancements in reproductive medicine, recurrent implantation failure and habitual abortion remain ongoing issues. One of the most important aspects of successful implantation is the intricate immune response and regulation necessary for the acceptance of the hemiallogenic embryo. The most numerous immune cells in the decidua are uterine natural killer cells (uNK). Studies suggest that changes in the uNK count and physiology may be responsible for the aforementioned pathological conditions. Thus, testing for uNK may provide valuable insights into their pathogenesis. The study compared Pipelle endometrial sampling with conventional curettage to find out whether the less invasive Pipelle method is a viable alternative of tissue collection. Tissue samples from 14 patients obtained by both methods were examined. The average size of tissue samples obtained with Pipelle was 17 mm2 , samples obtained with curettage had on average 34 mm2 . Using immunohistochemical visualization of CD56 (NK cells) and granzyme B antigens (serine protease-expressing activation state of NK cells), it was found that the average total count of CD56 / mm2 was 115 for Pipelle and 120 for curettage, respectively. The study also proved a correlation between granzyme B positivity and identification of NK cells clusters. The results indicated that Pipelle endometrial sampling seems a suitable method of tissue harvesting for the purpose of uNK cells examination. Pipelle endometrial sampling is safe, cost-effective and can be performed on an outpatient basis without the need of anesthesia or analgesia. Several issues remain yet to be solved: how to standardize the subsequent uNK testing, how to interpret the results and finally yet importantly, how to use this knowledge in personalized treatment protocols.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

29349. When spectra of lattices of z-ideals are Stone-Čech compactifications

Creator:
Dube, Themba
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
completely regular frame, coherent frame, z-ideal, d-ideal, Stone-Čech compactification, and booleanization
Language:
English
Description:
Let X be a completely regular Hausdorff space and, as usual, let C(X) denote the ring of real-valued continuous functions on X. The lattice of z-ideals of C(X) has been shown by Martínez and Zenk (2005) to be a frame. We show that the spectrum of this lattice is (homeomorphic to) βX precisely when X is a P-space. This we actually show to be true not only in spaces, but in locales as well. Recall that an ideal of a commutative ring is called a d-ideal if whenever two elements have the same annihilator and one of the elements belongs to the ideal, then so does the other. We characterize when the spectrum of the lattice of d-ideals of C(X) is the Stone-Čech compactification of the largest dense sublocale of the locale determined by X. It is precisely when the closure of every open set of X is the closure of some cozero-set of X.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

29350. When tradition meets innovation five decades of research at the Department of Physiology in Martin

Creator:
Andrea Čalkovská and Kamil Javorka
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, úvodníky, editorials, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, vědecké instituce a organizace, physiology, scientific institutions and organizations, Martin (Slovensko), Martin (Slovakia), 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Andrea Calkovska, Kamil Javorka.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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