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29412. Winter predation by otter, Lutra lutra on carp pond systems in South Bohemia (Czech Republic)
- Creator:
- Kortan, David, Adámek, Zdeněk, and Poláková, Simona
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- otter diet, spraint analysis, excessive hunting, and fish remains
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Otter (Lutra lutra) diet was studied by analysing of 180 spraints and 29 partly consumed fish remains found in winter around fishponds in South Bohemia (Czech Republic). The proportion of fish found in spraints was 95.6% of all prey items, roach (Rutilus rutilus), topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) being the most numerically abundant species with 37.3, 21.3 and 19.0% respectively. Carp dominated the diet bymass (47.8%), whilst roach and “other commercial fish species” (predatory and herbivorous fish, tench, Tinca tinca) formed 21.8 and 15.3% of total biomass, respectively. Small fish (< 200 mm) predominated in the diet and only 4.0% of all fish found in spraints exceeded 300 mm TL. Large fish remains were very scarce in spraints and were best recorded from uneaten prey remains. The partially eaten remains of carp, pike (Esox lucius) and common bream (Abramis brama) were found on banks or ice, but most (86%) were carp. The original length of carp corpses ranged between 283 and 530 mm TL, and the proportion of body mass consumed varied between 5.0 – 90.1%. The length of pike remains ranged from 386 to 754 mm TL, of which 84.0% of body mass on average was consumed by otters. The otter diet apparently reflects food availability in fishponds and supply channels. Small water basins with a high stock density can be vulnerable to serious damage especially during the winter period and at such places, where no better accessible source of food is available to otters. However, in many such places simple mitigation measures may be able to reduce otter predation.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
29413. With Chinese communists against the Czechoslovak ''Normalization'' regime: exile listy group and its search for political allies against Soviet power domination in central Europe
- Creator:
- Orság, Petr and Medková, Blanka
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Communist rule, Soviet expansionism, and Radio Peking
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The article investigates how the Holocaust distorted and exploited in Cold War debates on the example of genesis and reception of the book Ghetto Warschau. Tagebücher aus dem Chaos [Warsaw Ghetto: Diaries from Chaos]. The book is a translation of the essay Stosunki polsko-żydowskie w czasie drugiej wojny światowej [Polish-Jewish relations during the Second World War], written by the Jewish historian and creator of the underground archive of the Warsaw Ghetto Emanuel Ringelblum while hiding from the German Occupiers in Warsaw in 1944. Ringelblum addressed his essay to the Polish reader discussing the relation of Christian Poles and Polish Jews under German occupation based on his own experience and the material he had collected. It was originally published in several portions in the Bulletin of the Jewish Historical Institute, an early Holocaust Research Center based in Warsaw. The German translation was based on this publication and published in summer 1967 in a Stuttgart-based publishing house. However, the new title, introduced by its German editors, suggested it was Ringelblum’s diary. Above that the blurb and many footnotes highlighted the role of Poles as perpetrators in the Holocaust, while minimizing that of Germans. As the article shows, the book was prepared by the Göttinger Arbeitskreis ostdeutscher Wissenschaftler [Göttingen Working Group of Eastern German Scholars], a Think Tank with close ties to the German expellee community, campaigning for a revision of the Polish western border. Göttinger Arbeitskries used the book and earlier on excerpts of Ringelblum’s text for a smear-campaign in the West-German expellee press. Through the biased presentation and distorted context of the work these former Ostforschers sought to portrait Poles as eternal anti-Semites and the factual perpetrators of the mass murder of Polish and European Jews following their anti-Polish agenda. Polish nationalist within the ruling Polish United Workers Party in turn exploited the book and the campaign based on it, which coincided with the anti-Semitic campaign in Poland. Though the Institute was not involved in the publication of the German book, the Polish national communists accSome reform Communists who went into exile after the Soviet-led military intervention in Czechoslovakia, in August 1968, began to work in the Listy group led by Jiří Pelikán (1923-1999), a former Director of Czechoslovak Television, the publisher of the Rome-based exile bimonthly Listy, and, later, a Member of the European Parliament. In the search for political allies against Husák’s regime of ''normalization'' (the return to hard-line Communist rule), they tried to establish contact mainly with infl uential representatives of the West European Left. This article, however, examines an area of their involvement in exile, which has previously not received attention - namely, their efforts to develop contacts with Chinese Communists who in the period after August 1968 were vociferously speaking out at international forums and criticizing Soviet expansionism. The author demonstrates how the exiles tried to take advantage of this in order to strengthen their positions as members of the foreign socialist opposition to the normalization regime. When establishing these contacts, they could build particularly upon those that Pelikán had developed in China while working in the International Union of Students. In the second half of the 1970s his erstwhile Chinese colleagues, led by Hu Yaobang (1915-1989), rose to leading positions in the Party, thus creating considerable opportunities for the exiles to work with them. From China, they received continuous funding for their activities, while the Chinese were interested in the Czechoslovak attempt to reform state socialism in the late 1960s. The author acquaints the reader with visits by Listy ‘envoys’ to China, who acquainted their partners there with current developments in central Europe, including information about dissidents and the opposition movement. A special initiative as part of this collaboration was their attempt to get their own representatives involved in the Czech broadcasts of Radio Peking. Though they briefl y succeeded in this, their plan to infl uence the content of transmissions to Czechoslovakia, and thereby make it an information source for listeners which would provide an alternative to state-controlled Czechoslovak mass media, ultimately came to naught: members of the Listy group worked at Radio Peking only as language advisers for the Czech broadcasts. and Překlad: Blanka Medková
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29414. With Napoleon at St. Helena :
- Creator:
- Frémeaux, Paul
- Type:
- text and paměti
- Subject:
- Dějiny Evropy, Napoleon, Stokoe, John,, panovníci francouzští, velitelé vojenští, lékaři, Francie, panovníci, panovnické rody, dvory, and světové dějiny 1789-1918
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- unknown
29415. Withdrawal
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29416. Within and between species scaling in the weight, water, carbon and nitrogen contents of eggs and neonate larvae of twelve satyrine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
- Creator:
- García-Barros, Enrique
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Allometry, carbon, chorion, egg, elemental-composition, larvae, Lepidoptera, nitrogen, Nymphalidae, reproduction, and size
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The fresh weight, dry weight, and C and N content of the eggs, egg shells and neonate larvae of several satyrines were measured. This was done in order to assess the specificity of the composition of the egg and larvae, the phylogenetic or ecological nature of the variation and the existence of structural constraints on the composition of the offspring. All the traits investigated were found to be highly species-specific. The nature of the variation was not primarily phylogenetic, suggesting that the composition of the offspring has an ecological meaning. However, only a slight association was detected between three life history traits or habitat features and the compositions of the eggs or larvae, namely: female egg dropping was associated with a high C content of the eggs, xerophily with a high C : N ratio, and a high content of N in the larvae with egg diapause. The evidence for intra-specific allometry between the traits investigated and egg weight varied among the species, suggesting that the slope of such relationship may be a specific feature. There was a close to isometric relationship between C and N contents in every species. Therefore simple C : N ratios are independent of egg size, hence they can be used directly in comparative studies. Across species analyses indicated that small offspring contained a proportionally low amount of carbon and had a high dry matter content, suggesting that selection for small eggs was accompanied by selection for an enhanced proportion of nitrogen per egg. Finally, the species with large adult females invested comparatively more nitrogen per egg, which indicates a potential, constraint-based advantage of large adult size.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
29417. Within year representativity of fish assemblage surveys in two small lowland streams
- Creator:
- Takács, Péter, Sály, Péter, Specziár, András, Bíró, Péter, and Erős, Tibor
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- electric fishing, wadeable streams, sample representativeness, and stream fishes
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Although most monitoring protocols characterize fish assemblages based on one sampling occasion per year per site, it is largely unknown how well such snapshot samples characterize fish assemblages at the site and the stream levels. To address these issues, we conducted monthly samplings from March to November in 2009 in two wadeable lowland streams in the catchment area of Lake Balaton, Hungary. Five and seven sites were investigated in the two streams by electric fishing 150 m long sections. For a given sampling site, mean estimated species composition of a single survey showed on average 41 % and 35 % Jaccard index based similarity to the pooled annual samples of the site, and 90 % species representation could be reached using 5.2 and 6.4 sampling occasions on average. The representativeness of relative abundance data also varied considerably in time, showing on average 51 % and 67 % Bray-Curtis index based similarity to the pooled annual samples of the site, and reached 90 % similarity by taking 4.2 and 5.4 surveys on average per year per site. Stream level simulations of sample representativeness showed that a single survey reached on average 62.3 % and 66 % Jaccard similarity and 75.7 % and 74.8 % Bray-Curtis similarity to the whole year dataset. At the stream level, 90 % representativeness of both species composition data and relative abundance data was reached by pooling four surveys for both streams. These results indicate considerable within year variability in lowland stream fish assemblages, which should not be forgotten when evaluating monitoring data, which are based on a single survey per year.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29418. Witnesses of a New Liturgical Practice: the Ordines missae of Three Utraquist Manuscripts /
- Creator:
- Kolář, Pavel
- Type:
- text and studie
- Subject:
- Liturgie. Křesťanské umění a symbolika. Duchovní život, liturgie, kazatelství, rukopisy, knihy liturgické, utrakvismus, liturgie utrakvistická, konzistoř utrakvistická, české země 1526-1620, and teologie, ikonografie, zbožnost, hagiografie
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- unknown
29419. Wittig R., Siedlungsvegetation
- Creator:
- Pyšek, Petr
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
29420. Wittner M. & Weiss L.M.: The Microsporidia and Microsporidiosis
- Creator:
- Weisner, J.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public