One focus of data analysis in formal concept analysis is attribute-significance measure, and another is attribute reduction. From the perspective of information granules, we propose information entropy in formal contexts and conditional information entropy in formal decision contexts, and they are further used to measure attribute significance. Moreover, an approach is presented to measure the consistency of a formal decision context in preparation for calculating reducts. Finally, heuristic ideas are integrated with reduction technique to achieve the task of calculating reducts of an inconsistent data set.
Pseudocysta pankreatu patří mezi nejčastější cystické léze pankreatu. Pseudocystu lze definovat jako tekutinovou intrapankreatickou, peripankreatickou nebo extrapankreatickou kolekci s definovanou stěnou vznikající nejčastěji na pokladě chronického nebo akutního zánětu pankreatu. Jde o poměrně častou komplikaci akutní nebo chronické pankreatitidy. V diagnostice má zásadní význam UZ pro svou neinvazivitu a dostupnost. Mezi další vyšetření vykazující nejvyšší přesnost, specificitu a senzitivitu patří MDCT a ERCP. Na základě MDCT a ERCP vyšetření lze stanovit klasifikaci a na základě této klasifikace následně algoritmus léčby. MDCT vyšetření by optimálně mělo předcházet ERCP. K odlišení od maligních cystických lézí pak prokazuje největší význam EUS s FNAB nebo aspirací obsahu se stanovením onkomarkerů a AMS v aspirátu. Funkční klasifikace pseudocyst je důležitým předpokladem pro úspěšný algoritmus léčby. Klasifikace vycházejí zejména z anatomického vztahu pseudocysty k pankreatickému vývodu a morfologii parenchymu pankreatu. V léčbě se uplatňují zejména perkutánní drenáž, endoskopické a chirurgické metody., The pseudocyst of the pancreas is one of the most common cystic lesions of the pancreas. The pseudocysts can be defined as intrapancreatic, peripancreatic or extrapancreatic fluid collections with a defined wall formed mostly on the basis of acute or chronic pancreatitis. This is a relatively common complication of acute or chronic pancreatitis. Sonography is essential for the diagnosis given its noninvasivity and availability. Other assessments that show the highest accuracy, specificity and sensitivity include MDCT and ERCP. The MDCT and ERCP assessments can be used to classify the pseudocyst; the treatment algorithm is then determined based on this classification. MDCT should ideally be preceded by ERCP. EUS-FNAB or aspiration with the determination of oncomarkers and AMS in the aspirate have been shown to be most important to distinguish the pseudocyst from malignant cystic lesions. Functional classification of the pseudocyst is an important prerequisite for successful algorithm of the treatment. The classification is based mainly upon anatomical relations of the pseudocyst to the pancreatic outlet and morphology of the pancreatic parenchyma. Percutaneous drainage, endoscopic and surgical methods are mainly applied in the treatment. The authors present a case report of a very rare extrapancreatic pseudocyst., and L. Havlůj, B. Mlýnek, R. Gürlich
We performed a systematic study to check whether neurons in the area TE (the anterior part of inferotemporal cortex) in rhesus monkey, regarded as the last stage of the ventral visual pathway, could be modulated by auditory stimuli. Two fixating rhesus monkeys were presented with visual, auditory or combined audiovisual stimuli while neuronal responses were recorded. We have found that the visually sensitive neurons are also modulated by audiovisual stimuli. This modulation is manifested as the change of response rate. Our results have shown also that the visual neurons were responsive to the sole auditory stimuli. Therefore, the concept of inferotemporal cortex unimodality in information processing should be re-evaluated., P. Kaposvári ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy