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3102. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-inoculation at different time points influences the outcome of C57BL/6 mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS
- Creator:
- Cao, Dong-Hua, Wang, Ji-Chun, Liu, Jun, Du, Yun-Ting, Cui, Li-Wang, and Cao, Ya-Ming
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- imunita (lékařství), parazitologie, immunity, parasitology, protective immunity, murine malarial parasite, BCG, co-infection, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine. We performed a series of co-infection experiments with BCG-Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi Landau, 1965 AS using C57BL/6 mice to analyse whether BCG can affect the development of protective immunity to infection with Plasmodium spp. and the mechanism of this protection. We divided mice into four groups: BCG-inoculation 4 weeks prior to P. c. chabaudi AS infection (B-4w-Pc); simultaneous BCG-inoculation and P. c. chabaudi AS infection (Pc+B); BCG-inoculation 3 days post P. c. chabaudi AS (Pc-3-B) infection; and mono-P. c. chabaudi AS infection as control (Pc). The parasitemia level in the B-4w-Pc group was noticeably higher than control group at 6-19 days post infection (dpi). Compared with the control group, the proportion of CD4+CD69+ T cells was significantly reduced 5, 8 and 12 dpi, but the proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs was significantly increased in the B-4w-Pc group on 5 and 8 dpi. The B-4w-Pc group also demonstrated reduced levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α on 5 and 8 dpi and significantly elevated level of IL-10 on 12 dpi. There were significantly fewer mDCs (CD11c+CD11b+) and pDCs (CD11c+B220+) in the B-4w-Pc group than the control group at all the time points post infection and the expression of MHC II was noticeably reduced on day 8 pi. Our findings confirmed that BCG inoculation prior to Plasmodium infection resulted in excessive activation and proliferation of Tregs and upregulation of anti-inflammatory mediators, which inhibited establishment of a Th1-dominant immune response during the early stages of Plasmodium infection by inhibiting dendritive cells response. BCG inoculation prior to P. c. chabaudi AS infection may contribute to overgrowth of parasites as well as mortality in mice., Dong-Hua Cao, Ji-Chun Wang, Jun Liu, Yun-Ting Du, Li-Wang Cui, Ya-Ming Cao., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3103. Background levels of neomorphic 2-hydroxyglutarate facilitate proliferation of primary fibroblasts
- Creator:
- Dvořák, A., Jaroslav Zelenka, Katarína Smolková, Libor Vítek, and Petr Ježek
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, 2-hydroxyglutarate, fibroblast proliferation, SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Each cell types or tissues contain certain “physiological” levels of R-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), as well as enzymes for its synthesis and degradation. 2HG accumulates in certain tumors, possessing heterozygous point mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenases IDH1 (cytosolic) or IDH2 (mitochondrial) and contributes to strengthening their malignancy by inhibiting 2-oxoglutaratedependent dioxygenases. By blocking histone de-methylation and 5-methyl-cytosine hydroxylation, 2HG maintains cancer cells de-differentiated and promotes their proliferation. However, physiological 2HG formation and formation by non-mutant IDH1/2 in cancer cells were neglected. Consequently, low levels of 2HG might play certain physiological roles. We aimed to elucidate this issue and found that compared to highest 2HG levels in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and moderate levels in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, rat primary fibroblast contained low basal 2HG levels at early passages. These levels increased at late passage and likewise 2HG/2OG ratios dropped without growth factors and enormously increased at hypoxia, reaching levels compared to cancer HepG2 cells. Responses in SH-SY5Y cells were opposite. Moreover, external 2HG supplementation enhanced fibroblast growth. Hence, we conclude that low 2HG levels facilitate cell proliferation in primary fibroblasts, acting via hypoxia-induced factor regulations and epigenetic changes., A. Dvořák, J. Zelenka, K. Smolková, L. Vítek, P. Ježek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3104. Bacterial colonisation in the gut of Phlebotomus duboscqi (Diptera: Psychodidae): transtadial passage and the role of female diet
- Creator:
- Volf, Petr, Kiewegová, Alena, and Nemec, Alexandr
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- sandfly, bacteria, Ochrobactrum, Leishmania, lectin, and transtadial transmission
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Bacteria isolated from the gut of different developmental stages of Phlebotomus duboscqi Neveu-Lemaire, 1906 belonged almost all to aerobic or facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods. In females, the highest bacterial counts were observed two days after bloodfeeding; seven days after bloodfeeding the bacterial counts returned to pre-feeding levels. Most isolates were identified phenotypically as Ochrobactrum sp. The distinctiveness and homogeneity of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Ochrobactrum isolates indicated that they belonged to a single strain (designated AK). This strain was acquired by larvae from food and passaged transtadially: it was isolated from the guts of fourth-instar larvae shortly before pupation, from pupae as well from newly emerged females. Most other bacteria found in females were acquired from the sugar solution fed to adults. To determine if the midgut lectin activity may serve as antibacterial agent females were membrane-fed on blood with addition of inhibitory carbohydrates. No significant differences in bacterial infections were found between experimental and control groups and we suppose that the lectin activity has no effect on gram-negative bacteria present in sandfly gut.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3105. Bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria
- Creator:
- Hoover, Dallas G and Steenson, Larry R
- Publisher:
- Academic Press
- Type:
- bibliography, Text, model:monograph, and TEXT
- Subject:
- 579, 2, UB02, Mikrobiologie, bakterie mléÄného kvaÅ¡enÃ, antimikrobiálnà látky, konzervaÄnà pÅÃpravky, bakteriociny, Bacteriocins, Lactic acid bacteria, nisin, and pediocin
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- edited by Dallas G. Hoover, Larry R. Steenson and Obsahuje bibliografii a rejstÅÃk
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3106. Badger, Meles meles (Mustelidae, Carnivora), diet assessed through scat-analysis
- Creator:
- Zabala, Jabi and Zuberogoitia, Iñigo
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- badgers, Meles meles, diet, scat analysis, volumetric methods, and frequency-based methods
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We studied the diet of the badger through scat analysis and used seven previously described methods to assess their comparability. Methods compared included those based on frequencies of occurrence of different food items and volumetric methods. Our results showed that, depending on the basic methodological procedure, we could classify methods in two groups: frequencies of appearance and volumetric methods. The depiction of the diet obtained is quite similar within these groups but differs between them, as each group depicts different aspects of the trophic ecology of the badger. In conclusion, we advise the use of more than one method when assessing the diets of badgers or other carnivores. The best option is the use of a frequency-based method combined with one or two volumetric methods.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
3107. Bagnall, Roger S. and Rathbone, Dominic W. (eds.). Egypt From Alexander to the Copts. An Archaeological and Historical Guide
- Creator:
- Smoláriková, Květa
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3108. Bagrichthys majusculus, a new catfish from Indochina (Teleostei, Bagridae)
- Creator:
- NG, Heok Hee
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- new species, B. macracanthus, B. vaillantii, and Southeast Asia
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Bagrichthys majusculus, a new species of bagrid catfish from Indochina, is very similar to B. macracanthus and B. vaillantii, and has been previously identified as the former species. It differs from congeners in having a unique combination of the following characters: relatively large and broad mouth, well-developed oral dentition with homodont teeth, 10–13 gill rakers, moderately-long dorsal spine with 15–27 serrations, 9 pectoral-fin rays, inner and outer mandibular barbels with straight margins, pectoral-spine length 15.8–20.7 % SL (standard length), dorsal-spine length 24.4–32.5 % SL, length of adipose-fin base 46.0–50.7 % SL, adipose maximum height 9.9–10.5 % SL, depth of caudal peduncle 7.1–7.5 % SL, and head depth 14.0–16.1 % SL.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
3109. Baire classes of complex L1-preduals
- Creator:
- Pavel Ludvík and Jiří Spurný
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Matematika, matematika, mathematics, complex L1-predual, extreme point, Baire function, 13, and 51
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Let X be a complex L1-predual, non-separable in general. We investigate extendability of complex-valued bounded homogeneous Baire-α functions on the set ext B_{X*} of the extreme points of the dual unit ball B_{X*} to the whole unit ball B_{X*}. As a corollary we show that, given α \in [1, ω1), the intrinsic α-th Baire class of X can be identified with the space of bounded homogeneous Baire-α functions on the set ext B_{X*} when ext B_{X*} satisfies certain topological assumptions. The paper is intended to be a complex counterpart to the same authors’ paper: Baire classes of non-separable L1-preduals (2015). As such it generalizes former work of Lindenstrauss and Wulbert (1969), Jellett (1985), and ourselves (2014), (2015)., Pavel Ludvík, Jiří Spurný., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3110. Baire one functions and their sets of discontinuity
- Creator:
- Fenecios, Jonald P., Cabral, Emmanuel A., and Racca, Abraham P.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Baire class one function, set of points of discontinuity, and oscillation of a function
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A characterization of functions in the first Baire class in terms of their sets of discontinuity is given. More precisely, a function f : R → R is of the first Baire class if and only if for each ε > 0 there is a sequence of closed sets {Cn}∞ n=1 such that Df = ∞S n=1 Cn and ωf (Cn) < ε for each n where ωf (Cn) = sup{|f(x) − f(y)|: x, y ∈ Cn} and Df denotes the set of points of discontinuity of f. The proof of the main theorem is based on a recent ε-δ characterization of Baire class one functions as well as on a wellknown theorem due to Lebesgue. Some direct applications of the theorem are discussed in the paper.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public