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25982. Warfarin a farmakogenetika
- Creator:
- Matýšková, Miloslava and Čech, Zbyněk
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
- Subject:
- warfarin--aplikace a dávkování--krev--škodlivé účinky, farmakogenetika, léková rezistence--genetika, vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva, polymorfismus genetický--genetika--účinky léků, cytogenetické vyšetření--normy, and lidé
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Antikoagulační léčba warfarinem a dalšími deriváty dikumarolu vykazuje významnou interindividuální i intraindividuální variabilitu. Potřebná dávka warfarinu z velké části závisí i na vrozených dispozicích každého jedince. Dávku prokazatelně ovlivňují genetické varianty cytochromu P450 2C9 (CYPP2C9) a reduktázy epoxidu vitaminu K (VKORC1). Ovlivnění dalšími polymorfi smy je předmětem výzkumu. Zdá se, že zahrnutí výsledků genetického testování do algoritmů pro výpočet potřebné úvodní dávky warfarinu by mohlo být přínosem. Podobně znalost polymorfi smů může upozornit na pacienty s vysokým rizikem předávkování a tím i krvácivých komplikací. Dosud to však není jednoznačně prokázané., Sensitivity to anticoagulation treatment by warfarin shows a wide inter-individual and intra-individual variability. The proper warfarin dose also depends largely on inherited predispositions. The dose is signifi cantly infl uenced by genetic variants of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYPP2C9) and vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKORC1). Other possible polymorphism effects are under investigation. It seems that including genetic testing into algorithms for calculating of the required warfarin dose could be benefi cial. Similarly, knowledge of polymorphisms could alert us to patients with a high risk of overdosing and bleeding complication. If there is a benefi t of genetic testing remains controversial till now., Matýšková M., Čech Z., and Lit.: 35
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
25983. Warp-speed adaptation to novel hosts after 300 generations of enforced dietary specialisation in the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)
- Creator:
- Price, Thomas N., Leonard, Aoife, and Lancaster, Lesley T.
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, brouci, mandelinkovití, beetles, Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera, Bruchinae, Callosobruchus maculatus, emerging crop pests, host shifts, genetic variation, adaptation trajectory, evolvability, experimental evolution, quasi-natural selection, heritability, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Herbivorous insects are often highly specialised, likely due to trade-offs in fitness on alternative host species. However, some pest insects are extremely adaptable and readily adopt novel hosts, sometimes causing rapid expansion of their host range as they spread from their original host and geographic origin. The genetic basis of this phenomenon is poorly understood, limiting our ability to predict or mitigate global insect pest outbreaks. We investigated the trajectory of early adaptation to novel hosts in a regionally-specialised global crop pest species (the cowpea seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus). After experimentally-enforced dietary specialisation for nearly 300 generations, we measured changes in fitness over the first 5 generations of adaptation to 6 novel hosts. Of these, C. maculatus reproduced successfully on all but one, with reduced fitness observed on three hosts in the first generation. Loss of fitness was followed by very rapid, decelerating increases in fitness over the first 1-5 generations, resulting in comparable levels of population fitness to that observed on the original host after 5 generations. Heritability of fitness on novel hosts was high. Adaptation occurred primarily via changes in behavioural and phenological traits, and never via changes in offspring survival to adulthood, despite high heritability for this trait. These results suggest that C. maculatus possesses ample additive genetic variation for very rapid host shifts, despite a prolonged period of enforced specialization, and also suggest that some previously-inferred environmental maternal effects on host use may in part actually represent (rapidly) evolved changes. We highlight the need to examine in more detail the genetic architecture facilitating retention of high additive genetic variation for host shifts in extremely adaptable global crop pests., Thomas N. Price, Aoife Leonard, Lesley T. Lancaster., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
25984. Water as symbol: transformation and/or re-birth in the Indian anglophone novel
- Creator:
- Volná, Ludmila
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Water, symbol, and Indian anglophone
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This article deals with the Hindu cosmological imagery of water as presented in the Indian novel in English. The writers show a great interest in water as a means of depicting a transformation and/or re-birth of both the Indian society and the individuals in it relying on the water as symbolizing a beginning of a new life/identity in the Hindu cosmology. This is rendered vividly, for example, through the Nārada and Mārkandeya myths, where the two sages, after a passage through water, experience a new identity or a world perception totally different from that known to them before. R. K. Narayan, an author who lived all his life in India, deals in his novel The English Teacher with the spiritual transformation of the main character, Krishnan, which is accompanied and accomplished by different entities of water. He is oppressed both by the colonial condition and by personal tragedy, whereas Saleem, the main character of Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children, who is made to represent the country, acquires in the jungle of the Sundarbans an understanding of the necessity of adopting elements of other cultures. Two other authors, Anita Desai and Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, develop the theme of the woman’s condition as a representation of the counterpart and contradictory images of water and sun/fire. Desai’s Fasting, Feasting relates the Indian condition to that of another culture and Divakaruni’s The Mistress of Spices addresses the problems of the Indian concept of marriage in the diaspora while using mythological imageries of other cultures.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
25985. Water loss of male and female Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) maintained under dry conditions
- Creator:
- Renault, David and Coray, Yann
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Desiccation resistance, survival, sex, body size, body water, water loss rate, Tenebrionidae, and Coleoptera
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Survival under dry conditions was examined in males and females of Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), a beetle of tropical origin. The range of individual responses and the effect of gender on water loss were also evaluated. Females exhibit significantly longer survival (Lt50 and Lt90) than males under desiccating conditions. Larger females beetles have a greater initial water mass and hence can tolerate greater water losses. Such beetles have longer survival under dry conditions. Males and females loose an average of 54.8 and 58.9% of their body water prior to death. The insects were inactive most of the time, when kept under dry conditions; the rate of decrease in body water was thus reduced. Beetles of both gender display a negative correlation between the rates of water loss under desiccating conditions and the duration of survival. We conclude that the difference in survival period between males and females is due to a combination of greater female tolerance to desiccation and larger body size.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
25986. Water turbine power control - feasible conception
- Creator:
- Němec, Zdeněk and Němec, Vojtěch
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- water power plant, water turbine, power control, and water turbine control
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This paper is concerned with Francis water turbine power control issue. There are introduced six conceptions of power controllers and corresponding control loop features are discussed. The control features are illustrated with step responses and the major attention is paid to the undesirable under-control effect. On an example of control system with an elementary description and with relatively short turbine pipeline feeder are the control features compared. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
25987. Water-wave problem for a vertical shell
- Creator:
- Kuznetsov, Nikolay and Maz'ya, Vladimir
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- time-harmonic velocity potential, uniqueness theorem, Helmholtz equation, Neumann’s eigenvalue problem for Laplacian, integral equation method, and weighted Hölder spaces
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The uniqueness theorem is proved for the linearized problem describing radiation and scattering of time-harmonic water waves by a vertical shell having an arbitrary horizontal cross-section. The uniqueness holds for all frequencies, and various locations of the shell are possible: surface-piercing, totally immersed and bottom-standing. A version of integral equation technique is outlined for finding a solution.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
25988. Watson-Crick pushdown automata
- Creator:
- Chatterjee , Kingshuk and Ray, Kumar S.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- deterministic Watson-Crick automata, deterministic Watson-Crick pushdown automata, deterministic multi-head pushdown automata, and context free languages
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A multi-head 1-way pushdown automaton with k heads is a pushdown automaton with k 1-way read heads on the input tape and a stack. It was previously shown that the deterministic variant of the model cannot accept all the context free languages. In this paper, we introduce a 2-tape, 2-head model namely Watson-Crick pushdown automata where the content of the second tape is determined using a complementarity relation, similar to Watson-Crick automata. We show computational powers of nondeterministic two-head pushdown automata and nondeterministic Watson-Crick pushdown automata are same. Moreover, deterministic Watson-Crick pushdown automata can accept all the context free languages.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
25989. Watt A.D., Stork, N.E. & Hunter, M.D. (eds.): Forest and insects
- Creator:
- Lepš, J.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
25990. Wave probabilistic information power
- Creator:
- Svítek, Miroslav
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Wave probabilistic functions, wawe probabilistic circuits, wave information power, and quantum informatics
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Paper summarizes the results in the area of information physics that is a new progressively developing field of study trying to introduce basics of information variables into physics. New parameters, like wave information flow, wave information/knowledge content or wave information impedance, are first defined and then represented by wave probabilistic functions. Next, relations between newly defined parameters are used to compute information power or to build wave information circuits covering feedbacks, etc.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public