More or less charged ions of various elements are useful for different applications or for studying purposes. It is generally accepted that Laser Ion Sources are the most effective sources of ions, which are emitted from the laser-produced plasma. Construction of LIS is briefly described. Generation of ions (their charge state, the kinetic energy and amount of them) is influenced by many factors, which are summarized and discussed. The used corpuscular diagnostics are mentioned, too., Leoš Láska, Josef Krása., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rukopis představuje krátký přehled možností využití nových zdrojů laserového záření. Pozornost je soustředěna zejména na laserové systémy vyvíjené v centru HiLASE. Cílem přehledu je poskytnout čtenáři informace o vývoji laserových systémů a upozornit na rozvoj výzkumu v oblasti interakce laserového záření s hmotou, jež je právě díky novým laserovým systémům umožněn., This article presents a short review of the new possibilities, which are offered by new laser sources, in particular those developed at the HiLASE centre. The aim of this review is to provide the reader with information on new laser developments and demonstrate its tremendous potential for advancement in the field of laser-matter interaction, which can be accessed due to novel laser systems., Marek Stehlík, Nadezhda M. Bulgakova., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Článek uvádí posloupnost vývoje aplikací laserů v různých oblastech prostřednictvím vědecko-pedagogických pracovníků fyzikálního pracoviště Fakulty strojního inženýrství Vysokého učení technického v Brně. Těžištěm jejich činnosti byla holografie, holografická interferometrie, skvrnková interferometrie a měření přímosti a přímočarosti využitím vlastností základního modu laserového svazku. V článku je rovněž uveden vliv moderní optiky na vývoj studijních programů technického vzdělávání na této fakultě., Progress in development of different laser-based scientific applications carried out by researchers and lecturers at the Physics Department of Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology is presented in this article. Their activities included the development of various holography techniques, holographic interferometry, speckle interferometry and measurements of rectilinearity using the fundamental mode of the laser beam. The influence of modern optics on the development of study programs of technical education at this faculty is discussed as well., Miroslav Liška., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Článek podává přehled o vývoji a aplikacích pevnolátkových laserů na Fakultě jaderné a fyzikálně inženýrské ČVUT. První rubínový laser na světě byl spuštěn do provozu v květnu 1960 a na FTJF (FJFI) v roce 1964. Postupně byly navrženy a zkonstruovány lasery s aktivními materiály Nd:sklo, Nd:YAG, Nd:YAP a další. Vyvinuté lasery byly použity v průmyslových aplikacích, v laserových družicových radarech v měření znečištění ovzduší a v mnoha oborech medicíny. Dosažené výsledky jsou celosvětově uznávány., This article presents a survey of development and applications the solid state lasers at the Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering the Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU). The first ruby laser in the world was put into operation in May 1960 and at FJFI in 1964. Stepwise, lasers with active materials such as Nd:glass, Nd:YAG, Nd:YAP and others were designed and constructed. Developed lasers were used in industrial applications, in laser satellite radars, in measuring pollution of the air and in many domains of medicine. Achieved results are worldwidely recognized., Antonín Novotný, Helena Jelínková, Václav Kubeček, Miroslav Čech, Ivan Procházka, Josef Blažej., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Light is not only a subject of measurement but can be a very useful tool for measuring. It plays a dominant role in the measurement of dimensional quantities. Coherent light from a highly stable laser source is represented by a precise wavelength which can be seen as an elementary etalon of length. Metrology of length is in fact metrology of optical frequencies and a broad family of interferometric techniques converting a precise wavelength into the measurement of real objects. The precision (stability) of the best optical oscillators are now close to overcoming the stability of an atomic clock. This, with help of femtosecond optical frequency synthesis, will most likely lead to unification of standards of time and length into one precise laser, called an optical clock. and Josef Lazar a kolektiv oddělení koherenční optiky.
Část lékařské biofyziky studuje působení fyzikálních faktorů na zdraví člověka. Významným faktorem životního prostředí je ultrafialová složka slunečního záření, která hraje důležitou roli při vzniku a rozvoji maligního melanomu. Dalším významným rizikovým faktorem životního prostředí je degradace ozonové vrstvy, zejména ve stratosféře., There is a branch of medical biophysics studying the impact of physical factors on human health. The important environmental factor playing a significant role in formation and development of cutaneous melanoma is ultraviolet solar radiation. This risk factor is enhanced by the depletion of the ozone layer., Jozef Rosina, Jana Vránová, Kateřina Olefirenko., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This article presents translations from the Nobel lectures for physics in 2017 given by all three laureates, who decided to use the same title, but each one focused on different aspects of the discovery. Weiss discussed the early history of gravitational waves and presented the concepts needed to understand the detectors as well as the challenges faced in measuring strains as small as 10-21. Barish describes how the LIGO project was organized to make steady improvements and ultimately carried out a successful scientific program. He describes signal detections as well as ideas of how to improve the detectors. Thorne presented the broader aspects of the new field of gravitational wave astronomy. He described the critical role of numerical relativity simulations and understanding quantum mechanics of precision measurements. He also gave a vision of the science that could come from an investigation of the gravitational wave sky from periods of fractions of milliseconds to tens of billions of years., Rainer Weiss., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
This article presents translations from the Nobel lectures for physics in 2017 given by all three laureates, who decided to use the same title, but each one focused on different aspects of the discovery. Weiss discussed the early history of gravitational waves and presented the concepts needed to understand the detectors as well as the challenges faced in measuring strains as small as 10-21. Barish describes how the LIGO project was organized to make steady improvements and ultimately carried out a successful scientific program. He describes signal detections as well as ideas of how to improve the detectors. Thorne presented the broader aspects of the new field of gravitational wave astronomy. He described the critical role of numerical relativity simulations and understanding quantum mechanics of precision measurements. He also gave a vision of the science that could come from an investigation of the gravitational wave sky from periods of fractions of milliseconds to tens of billions of years., Barry C. Barish., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
This article presents translations from the Nobel lectures for physics in 2017 given by all three laureates, who decided to use the same title, but each one focused on different aspects of the discovery. Weiss discussed the early history of gravitational waves and presented the concepts needed to understand the detectors as well as the challenges faced in measuring strains as small as 10-21. Barish describes how the LIGO project was organized to make steady improvements and ultimately carried out a successful scientific program. He describes signal detections as well as ideas of how to improve the detectors. Thorne presented the broader aspects of the new field of gravitational wave astronomy. He described the critical role of numerical relativity simulations and understanding quantum mechanics of precision measurements. He also gave a vision of the science that could come from an investigation of the gravitational wave sky from periods of fractions of milliseconds to tens of billions of years., Kip S. Thorne., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy