The (extraterritorial) application of US antitrust laws can have, for the concerned European companies, serious consequences. This applies to the prosecution of antitrust violations as criminal offenses, resulting to the imposition of prison sentences against competitors responsible for antitrust infringing (including foreigners), on the other hand the specificities of bringing civil claims for damages before US courts, including procedural aspects. This article provides a summary of the extraterritorial application of US antitrust law, with emphasis to the jurisdiction of US courts. A question whether the European Commission has jurisdiction over conduct that occurs outside the EU and the differing approaches of the US and the EU of how to regulate foreign anticompetitive activity will be examined., Rastislav Funta., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Odbornou i laickou veřejnost nedávno vzrušila zpráva, že ve Spojených státech amerických došlo k detekci gravitačních vln v observatoři Advanced LIGO, což je soustava optických interferometrů navržená právě k tomuto účelu. Náš příspěvek seznamuje čtenáře s Advanced LIGO jako optickým přístrojem a ukazuje, jak se optické technologie, původně vyvinuté pro toto unikátní zařízení, uplatňují jinde., Academia and the general public were recently excited by the news that gravitational waves were detected in the Advanced LIGO observatory (USA). LIgo is a set of optical interferometers designed for the propose of gravitational wave detection. This contribution informs readers with regard to the Advanced LIGO as an optical device and shows how optical technologies, originally developed for this unique device, are applied in other fields of research and development., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Získat Nobelovu cenu je událost, která změní život. Bod zlomu. Mnoho lidí chce vědět, jak toho laureát dosáhl, a také se po něm žádá, aby dodal svůj životopis. To všechno a události provázející udělení Nobelovy ceny způsobí, že se každý z nás zamyslí nad svým životem, zavzpomíná a pokusí se vystihnout všechny události, které ho dovedly až do přítomnosti., George F. Smoot ; přeložil Ivan Gregora., and přeloženo z angličtiny
The life cycle of the swim bladder nematode Huffmanela huffmani Moravec, 1987 (Trichinelloidea: Trichosomoididae), an endemic parasite of centrarchid fishes in the upper spring run of the San Marcos River in Hays County, Texas, USA, was experimentally completed. The amphipods Hyalella cf. azteca (Saussure), Hyalella sp. and Gammarus sp. were successfully infected with larvated eggs of Huffmanela huffmani. After ingestion of eggs of H. huffmani by experimental amphipods, the first-stage larvae hatch from their eggshells and penetrate through the digestive tract to the hemocoel of the amphipod. Within about 5 days in the hemocoel of the experimental amphipods at 22 °C, the larvae presumably attained the second larval stage and were infective for the experimental centrarchid definitive hosts, Lepomis spp. The minimum incubation period before adult nematodes began laying eggs in the swim bladders of the definitive hosts was found to be about 7.5 months at 22 °C. This is the first experimentally completed life cycle within the Huffmanelinae., McLean L. D. Worsham, David G. Huffman, František Moravec, J. Randy Gibson., and Obsahuje bibliografii