Autor souhlasí s prof. Benckem, že odmítání vakcinace některými lidmi je vážný problém veřejného zdravotnictví a informuje o názorech umístěných k vakcinaci na českých webových stránkách. Soudí, že námitky proti povinnému očkování jsou zčásti způsobeny nedostatečnou zdravotní gramotností, jejíž důsledky se projevují i na dalších úsecích preventivní zdravotní péče. Národní strategie ochrany a podpory zdraví a prevence nemocí (Zdraví 2020), schválená vládou ČR počátkem roku 2014, má zvyšování zdravotní vzdělanosti obyvatelstva jako jeden z hlavních směrů a podpora plošné vakcinace v ní bezpochyby bude mít důležité postavení., The author agrees with Prof. Bencko, that refusal of vaccination by some people represents a serious problem of public health. The author brings information about people's opinions on vaccination published in the Czech webpages and believes that the objections of some people against mandatory vaccination are partly caused by inadequate health literacy, consequences of it occur also in other segments of preventive health care. National Strategy of Health Protection and Promotion and Disease Prevention (Health 2020), approved by the Czech government in 2014 emphasized health literacy as one of its main directions. No doubt, support of vaccination will be very important in this strategy, as well., Jaroslav Kříž, and Literatura
Mammals have the ability to identify particular conspecifics and in doing so use this information to discriminate between them, and respond in a manner that increases their survival and fitness. This narrative focuses on the behavioral challenges that voles face when they have to make decisions about mate choice, samesex competition, odor communication, and sperm allocation. The narrative points out the different decisions that voles may make when they encounter the social information contained in the scent marks and over-marks of different conspecifics. The narrative demonstrates that the choices made by voles, and their resulting behaviors, may depend on several factors including the vole’s own condition, age, and sex and those of nearby same- and opposite-sex conspecifics. The results of these studies are ecologically relevant as they reflect situations and challenges faced by free-living voles. The range of situations that voles find themselves and the decisions voles make when they encounter a potential mate or competitor become the backdrop of the narrative. Concentrating on the responses of a single model species was intentional. This approach may allow specific comparisons with other terrestrial mammals, facing similar behavioral and ecological challenges.
Odoric of Pordenone (c. 1275/85-1331), a Franciscan friar and one of the chief travelers to Asia during the later Middle Ages, traveled between 1314/131899 ab 1330 to the "eastern parts of the world" (orientalium partium), and on the return journey he may have visited Tibet (or some of its outlying areas). After his return in 1330, he dictated an account of his travels, which soon became a best-seller. Since it included many descriptions and facts not mentioned in Marco Polo´s "Il Milione", the text became an important source both for the fictious account of "John Mandeville" and the famous Catalan Atlas of 1375. There are many mysteries about Odoric and his travels, including some doubt as to whether he was actually in China. In addition, very little is known about his missionary activities in China and about his journey back to Europe. One of the everlasting questions is: Was he really in Tibet, as mentioned in his account?
In many insects, mate finding is mediated by volatile sex pheromones, but evidence in nabids is still fragmentary. The role of odour-mediated sexual attraction in two nabid species, Nabis pseudoferus and N. rugosus, was studied in a Y-tube olfactometer. Females of the two species were significantly attracted by odours of conspecifics males, and males of N. rugosus, but not of N. pseudoferus, were attracted by odours of conspecific females. Odours of conspecifics of the same gender were unattractive. These results suggest the existence of male pheromones in both species and a different female pheromone in N. rugosus.
Hlavní stanovisko práce: Nově odvozená chemorezistentní buněčná linie karcinomu močového měchýře jako experimentální model pro studium mechanizmů mnohočetné terapeutické rezistence pokročilých nádorů močového měchýře. Cíl: Cílem práce bylo odvodit a charakterizovat novou progresivní chemorezistentní buněčnou linii uroteliálního karcinomu. Materiál a metody: Mateřská buněčná linie uroteliálního karcinomu BC44 byla odvozena z papilárně diferencované části pokročilého karcinomu močového měchýře (pT4 G3) a z ní ustanovená dceřiná linie BC44DoxoR byla získána selekcí rezistentních klonů po aplikaci zvyšujících se koncentrací doxorubicinu. Mikroskopická analýza chemorezistentního fenotypu byla fotograficky dokumentována po aplikaci jednotlivých cytostatik (doxorubicin, metotrexát, vinblastin, cisplatina a gemcitabin). Pro stanovení viability buněk v prostředí různých koncentrací cytostatik byl použit test funkce mitochondriálních dehydrogenáz. Ke kvantitativnímu vyhodnocení mitochondriální funkce byla využita metoda absorpční spektrofotometrie a výsledné naměřené hodnoty absorbancí byly zhodnoceny pomocí neparametrického Mann- -Whitney U testu pro hladinu významnosti α = 0,05. Výsledky: Podařilo se nám odvodit z mateřské buněčné linie karcinomu močového měchýře BC44 dceřinou buněčnou linii BC44DoxoR, která vykazuje mnohočetnou lékovou rezistenci vůči všem cytostatikům používaným ve standardní systémové chemoterapii uroteliálního karcinomu (doxorubicin, metotrexát, vinblastin, cisplatina a gemcitabin). Závěr: Nově ustanovená chemorezistentní nádorová buněčná linie BC44DoxoR představuje cenný modelový systém, jehož další molekulární analýza může přinést důležité nové poznatky pro pochopení terapeutické rezistence pokročilých nádorů močového měchýře, Major statement: New chemoresistant urothelial bladder cancer cell line as an experimental model for studying the mechanisms of multidrug resistance in advanced bladder cancer. Aim: The aim of the study was to establish and characterize a new multidrug resistant urothelial cancer cell line. Materials and methods: The parental cancer cell line BC44 was previously established from the large exophytic and better differentiated papillary part of a progressive tumor (pT4 G3) of a female patient. The daughter cell line BC44DoxoR has been derived by prolonged culture in increasing doxorubicin concentrations. Morphological response of parental and daughter cells after application of the individual drugs (doxorubicin, methotrexate, vinblastine, cisplatin, and gemcitabine) has been followed by phase-contrast microscopy. Cell viability has been determined using mitochondrial dehydrogenases assay and quantified by absorption spectrophotometry. Man-Whitney U Test (significance level α = 0.05) has been applied for statistical evaluation. Results: The derivative cell line BC44DoxoR exhibited chemoresistance to all cytostatics tested. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such a multidrug resistant urothelial carcinoma cell line. Conclusion: The new multidrug resistant urothelial bladder cancer cell line could provide important new insights into understanding the therapeutic resistance of advanced bladder cancer., Michaela Kripnerová, Pavel Dvořák, Martin Pešta, Jitka Kuncová, Tomáš Vlas, Martin Leba, Luboš Holubec, Jiří Hatina, and Literatura
Two species of the North American genus Oenothera are reported as aliens in the Czech Republic. A population of O. coronifera consisting of ca. 30 plants at various phenological stages, from rosettes to flowering plants, was found in 2001 at the railway station in the town of Zliv, district of České Budějovice, S Bohemia. The species was probably introduced via the railway and is the first record of this species for the Czech Republic. A single plant of O. stricta, previously reported from the bank of the Vltava river in Prague, in 1825, was found as a weed in a private garden in the village of Vroutek, district of Louny, N Bohemia, in 2000. This is the second record of this species from the Czech Republic in 175 years. The seed of O. stricta was probably introduced to the site from abroad and the record suggests that the occurrence of casual alien plants is highly unpredictable. It is argued that botanists studying alien plants, given their special interest in sites where these plants occur, may directly contribute to the enrichment of checklists of national alien floras.
The aim of this study project was to prepare our own method of porcine oesophageal manometry. Ten mature experimental pigs entered the study. Conventional water-perfused system was decided for manometry. Porcine resting and relaxed pressures of the lower oesophageal sphincter are fully comparable with healthy human subjects. Evocable swallowing is doable and oesophageal peristalsis is quantifiable. Basic manometric parameters were different in male and female animals. Oesophageal manometry in experimental pigs is feasible. Porcine oesophageal manometry will be usable for preclinical studies in future. and I. Tachecí, V. Radochová, J. Květina, S. Rejchrt, M. Kopáčová, J. Bureš