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29142. Phylogeny and evolutionary history of queen polymorphic Myrmecina ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
- Creator:
- Steiner, Florian M., Schlick-Steiner, Birgit C. , Konrad, Heino, Linksvayer, Timothy, Quek, Swee-Peck, Christian, Erhard, Stauffer, Christian, and Alfred
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Formicidae, Myrmecina, intermorphic queens, queen polymorphism, mitochondrial DNA, cytochrome oxidase I, phylogeny, evolutionary history, and historical biogeography
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The phylogenetic relationships in the myrmicine ant genus Myrmecina were analyzed using 1,281 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene. Intermorphic queens observed in M. graminicola (Europe), M. nipponica (Japan), M. americana (North America; reported for the first time) and M. sp. A (Java) were reconstructed as an ancestral trait in this genus. Molecular-clock-based age estimates suggest that queen polymorphism evolved in Myrmecina at the latest during the Miocene. In terms of biogeographical regions, the inferred chronological order of divergence is: (oriental, (nearctic, (western palearctic, eastern palearctic))).
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
29143. Phylogeny and nomenclature of the box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) comb. n., which was recently introduced into Europe (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae: Spilomelinae)
- Creator:
- Mally, Richard and Nuss, Matthias
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Crambidae, Spilomelinae, box tree moth, generic placement, Diaphania, Glyphodes, Neoglyphodes, Palpita, Cydalimaperspectalis, new combination, taxonomy, phylogeny, morphology, and nomenclature
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) comb. n., is native to India, China, Korea, Japan and the Russian Far East. Its larvae are a serious pest of different species of Buxus. Recently, C. perspectalis was introduced into Europe and first recorded from Germany in 2006. This species has been placed in various spilomeline genera including Palpita Hübner, 1808, Diaphania Hübner, 1818, Glyphodes Guenée, 1854 and the monotypic Neoglyphodes Streltzov, 2008. In order to solve this nomenclatural confusion and to find a reasonable and verifiable generic placement for the box tree moth, the morphology of the above mentioned and some additional spilomeline taxa was investigated and their phylogeny analysed. The results show that C. perspectalis belongs to a monophylum that includes three of the genera in which it was previously placed: Glyphodes, Diaphania and Palpita. Within this monophylum, it is closely related to the Asian Cydalima Lederer, 1863. As a result of this analysis, Sisyrophora Lederer, 1863 syn. rev. and Neoglyphodes Streltzov, 2008 syn. n. are synonymised with Cydalima Lederer, 1863, and five species are transferred to this genus: Cydalima capriniodes (Hampson, 1912) (Glyphodes) comb. n., Cydalima decipiens (Hampson, 1912) (Glyphodes) comb. n., Cydalima joiceyi (Janse, 1924) (Margaronia) comb. n., Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (Phakellura) comb. n. and Cydalima pfeifferae (Lederer, 1863) (Sisyrophora) comb. rev.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
29144. Phylogeny of Cantacaderinae (Heteroptera: Tingidae) revisited after the description of a new genus and new species from New Caledonia
- Creator:
- Guilbert, Eric
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Heteroptera, Tingidae, Cantacaderinae, description, New Caledonia, new genus, new species, phylogeny, systematics, taxonomy, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A new genus and new species of Cantacaderinae (Heteroptera: Tingidae) is described, Caledoderus monteithi. A key to genera is provided. The phylogenetic relationships among the Cantacaderinae, including this new genus and species, are revisited. The results are congruent with previous studies. However, the Ceratocaderini is a sister group of Carldrakeaninae and not Cantacaderini, even if only weakly supported by the analysis. Therefore, the status of Ceratocaderini and Cantacaderini is maintained, whereas Carldrakeanini stat. nov. is reduced to tribal level and they are all included in the Cantacaderinae., Eric Guilbert., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
29145. Phylogeny of Chrysotoxum species (Diptera: Syrphidae) inferred from morphological and molecular characters
- Creator:
- Masetti, Antonio, Luchetti, Andrea, Sommaggio, Daniele, Burgio, Giovanni, and Mantovani, Barbara
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Chrysotoxum, cytochrome oxidase I, cytochrome oxidase II, molecular phylogeny, morphology, and tRNALeu
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Relationships of nine Italian Chrysotoxum species were analysed using morphological and molecular data. The morphology-derived cladogram revealed three well-defined groups: (i) C. cautum, (ii) the arcuatum group (C. arcuatum, C. fasciolatum) and (iii) the festivum group (C. festivum - C. vernale, C. bicinctum, C. elegans, C. octomaculatum and C. parmense). Trees inferred from COI-tRNALeu-COII sequences were largely in agreement, but they identified (i) C. parmense as an isolated branch, (ii) C. festivum and C. vernale as separate entities, (iii) C. elegans within a paraphyletic C. festivum clade. ITS2 trees were partially unresolved but C. parmense sequence emerged as a sister to the festivum group. The monophyly of the festivum group derived from morphological data was rejected by a phylogenetic test performed on combined molecular data set. The diagnostic value of some morphological characters commonly used to identify Chrysotoxum species is therefore questioned.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
29146. Phylogeny of Coccomyxa (Myxosporea: Myxidiidae) spp. with the description of a new species from Bathygobius cyclopterus (Gobiidae) in the northern Red Sea
- Creator:
- Diamant, Ariel, Lipshitz, Asaf, and Ucko, Michal
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Coccomyxa jirilomi, Myxosporea, bile ducts, and Bathygobius cyclopterus
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Two species of Coccomyxa Léger et Hesse, 1907, one of the least studied myxosporean genera, are reported from shallow coastal waters in the Gulf of Eilat, Red Sea, Israel. A new species, Coccomyxa jirilomi sp. n. is described from the spotted frillgoby Bathygobius cyclopterus (Valenciennes) (Gobiidae). It forms polysporous plasmodia that invade the liver and form packed clusters inside the bile ductules. Plasmodia also occur in the bile ducts and gall bladder of the host, attached to the epithelial lining or free floating in the bile. Infected hepatic bile ductules packed with plasmodia were partially occluded, with evidence of cholestasis, periductular fibrosis and pericholangitis. The mature spore is ellipsoid, has smooth valves and contains a single polar capsule with the polar filament arranged in 4-5 oblique coils. Spore dimensions are 9.0-11.3 × 5.0-7.0 µm. A second species, Coccomyxa sp., with smaller 7.6-9.6 × 4.2-5.2 µm and more delicate spores, was found in the gall bladder of the rippled rockskipper, Istiblennius edentulus (Forster et Schneider) (Blenniidae). The small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequence analysis of both Coccomyxa species suggests that they are closely related to members of the genera Myxidium, Zschokkella and Auerbachia, whose members infect the gall bladder of marine fish.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29147. Phylogeny of endopterygote insects, the most successful lineage of living organisms
- Creator:
- Kristensen, Niels P.
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- article, bibliography, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- zoologie, hmyz, Endopterygota, Holometabola, fylogeneze, 595.2/.7, and 591.3
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The monophyly of the Endopterygota is supported primarily by the specialized larva without external wing buds and with degradable eyes, as well as by the quiescence of the last immature (pupal) stage; a specialized morphology of the latter is not an endopterygote groundplan trait. There is weak support for the basal endopterygote splitting event being between a Neuropterida + Coleoptera clade and a Mecopterida + Hymenoptera clade; a fully sclerotized sitophore plate in the adult is a newly recognized possible groundplan autapomorphy of the latter. The molecular evidence for a Strepsiptera + Diptera clade is differently interpreted by advocates of parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of sequence data, and the morphological evidence for the monophyly of this clade is ambiguous. The basal diversification patterns within the principal endopterygote clades (\"orders\") are succinctly reviewed. The truly species-rich clades are almost consistently quite subordinate. The identification of \"key innovations\" promoting evolutionary success (in terms of large species numbers) is fraught with difficulties., Niels P. Kristensen, and Lit
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
29148. Phylogeny of European Dolichopus and Gymnopternus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) and the significance of morphological characters inferred from molecular data
- Creator:
- Bernasconi, Marco Valerio, Pollet, Marc, Varini-Ooijen, Manuela, and Ward, Paul Irvine
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Diptera, Dolichopodidae, Dolichopus, Ethiromyia, Gymnopternus, Europe, mitochondrial DNA, cytochrome oxidase I, cytochrome b, morphology, ecology, and distribution
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Dolichopodidae (over 6000 described species in more than 200 genera) is one of the most speciose families of Diptera. Males of many dolichopodid species, including Dolichopus, feature conspicuous ornaments (Male Secondary Sexual Characters) that are used during courtship. Next to these MSSCs, every identification key to Dolichopus primarily uses colour characters (postocular bristles; femora) of unknown phylogenetic relevance. The phylogeny of Dolichopodidae has rarely been investigated, especially at the species level, and molecular data were hardly ever involved. We inferred phylogenetic relationships among 45 species (57 samples) of the subfamily Dolichopodinae on the basis of 32 morphological and 1415 nucleotide characters (810 for COI, 605 for Cyt-b). The monophyly of Dolichopus and Gymnopternus as well as the separate systematic position of Ethiromyia chalybea were supported in all analyses, confirming recent findings by other authors based purely on morphology. Within Dolichopus, stable species groups could be assigned to four distinct categories on the basis of their statistical support in 7 phylogenetic analyses: (i) clades significantly supported in all analyses, (ii) clades supported in trees based on DNA and combined data, but only partly in morphological trees, (iii) clades significantly supported in trees based on DNA and combined data, but not in morphological trees, and (iv) clades consistently supported only in morphological trees. The phylogeny generated here provides a better understanding of the phylogenetic relevance of some debated morphological characters used for species and species-group characterizations in the most commonly used identification keys. In this respect, postocular bristle colour proved of little phylogenetic relevance since every group with species featuring black bristles also included species with partly yellow bristles. Entirely or partly infuscated femora explained the nodes of three stable species groups and even revealed an incorrect polarity of this morphological character in three species. Four of 6 complex MSSCs and 5 of 8 more common MSSCs were found consistently in further species groups.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
29149. Phylogeny of Flabellulidae (Amoebozoa: Leptomyxida) inferred from SSU rDNA sequences of the type strain of Flabellula citata Schaeffer, 1926 and newly isolated strains of marine amoebae
- Creator:
- Dyková, Iva, Fiala, Ivan, Pecková, Hana, and Dvořáková, Helena
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Amoebozoa, Leptomyxida, Flabellulidae, Flabellula citata, and SSU rDNA phylogeny
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- New strains of non-vannellid flattened amoebae isolated from fish, an invertebrate and the marine environment were studied together with Flabellula citata Schaeffer, 1926 selected by morphology as a reference strain. The study revealed a paucity of features distinguishing individual strains at the generic level, but clearly evidenced mutual phylogenetic relationships within the assemblage of strains as well as their affiliation to the Leptomyxida. In this study, the SSU rDNA dataset of leptomyxids was expanded and a new branching pattern was presented within this lineage of Amoebozoa. Sequences of three newly introduced strains clustered in close relationship with the type strain of F. citata, the type species of the genus. Three strains, including one resembling Flamella sp., were positioned within a sister-group containing Paraflabellula spp. Results of phylogenetic analysis confirmed doubts of previous authors regarding generic assignment of several Rhizamoeba and Ripidomyxa strains.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29150. Phylogeny of Iberian Zabrus (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Zabrini) based on mitochondrial DNA sequence
- Creator:
- Sánchez-Gea, José-Fermín , Galián, José, and Serrano, José
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Molecular phylogeny, mitochondrial COI sequence, karyotype analysis, Zabrus, Carabidae, and Coleoptera
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The genus Zabrus Clairville, 1806 is a Holomediterranean taxon that radiated into about a hundred species most likely during the Cenozoic. There are four endemic subgenera on the Iberian Peninsula, which include 28 species, Epomidozabrus (3 spp.), Euryzabrus (1 sp.), Platyzabrus (2 spp.) and Iberozabrus (22 spp.). A mitochondrial fragment comprising part of the cytochrome-oxidase-I, tRNAleu, and part of the cytochrome-oxidase-II genes was sequenced of most of these species. Taxa of other subgenera of Zabrus (Macarozabrus, Polysitus, Zabrus, and Pelor), six species of Amara (the putative sister taxon of Zabrus), and representatives of tribes related to Zabrini were also sequenced. The results show that the genus Zabrus is a monophyletic taxon well separated from Amara. The four subgenera endemic to the Iberian Peninsula also make up a monophyletic clade, which stresses the association between the geographic distribution and the monophyly of many supraspecific taxa within this genus. The species-rich subgenus Iberozabrus seems to be the sister taxon of the clade made up of the three other subgenera endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. The Iberozabrus species-groups proposed by Andújar & Serrano in 2001, based on morphological and geographical grounds, are only partly corroborated by the molecular phylogeny. The lack of congruence between these data sets is mainly between those species-groups with large numbers of species and more complex geographic patterns. Some cases of incongruence are possibly due to homoplasic external characters appeared by convergent evolution.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public