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30022. Possibility of acetylcholinesterase overexpression in Alzheimer disease patients after therapy with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
- Creator:
- Kračmarová, Alžběta, Drtinová, Lucie, and Pohanka, Miroslav
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, časopisecké články, přehledy, and TEXT
- Subject:
- acetylcholin--metabolismus, acetylcholinesteráza--metabolismus, Alzheimerova nemoc--farmakoterapie--metabolismus, centrální nervový systém--účinky léků--metabolismus, inhibitory cholinesteráz--farmakologie, monitorování léků--metody, enzymatické testy, lidé, nootropní látky--farmakologie, and nervový přenos--účinky léků
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme responsible for termination of excitatory transmission at cholinergic synapses by the hydrolyzing of a neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Nowadays, other functions of acetylcholinesterase in the organism are considered, for example its role in regulation of apoptosis. Cholinergic nervous system as well as acetylcholinesterase activity is closely related to pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. The mostly used therapy of Alzheimer disease is based on enhancing cholinergic function using inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase like rivastigmine, donepezil or galantamine. These drugs can influence not only the acetylcholinesterase activity but also other processes in treated organism. The paper is aimed mainly on possibility of increased expression and protein level of acetylcholinesterase caused by the therapy with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. and A. Kračmarová, L. Drtinová, M. Pohanka
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
30023. possible approach to the "conservation" of the mammalian populations of ancient anthropochorous origin of the Mediterranean islands
- Creator:
- Masseti, Marco
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Holocene, endemics, and cultural heritage
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Among the extant non-flying terrestrial mammals of the Mediterranean islands, we can find very few of the endemic elements that characterised the late Quaternary faunas. Instead, the existing faunas are almost exclusively dominated by continental taxa, as a rule regionally specific, related to species on the nearest mainland, and whose presence on the islands appears to be essentially related to human intervention. The legacy of this global reorganisation of the original ecological equilibrium brought about by man since prehistoric times raises considerable problems of conservation and management. First of all, in the vast majority of cases, it is impossible to reconstruct the natural ecosystems of the past, which have been degraded for millennia. However, this leaves the question of how to treat the anthropochorous mammalian populations of certified ancient origin. Several of them, in fact, represent invaluable historic documents. Frequently, they may also constitute the last survivors of continental populations which themselves vanished long ago. Their protection and their study can provide an opportunity for testing a range of different evolutionary theories, while also allowing them to be considered as an authentic “cultural heritage".
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
30024. Possible genotoxic risk of combined exposure to pharmaceutical coal tar and UV-B radiation
- Creator:
- Borská, Lenka
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
30025. Possible intracellular regulators of female sexual maturation
- Creator:
- Kolesarova, A., Alexander V. Sirotkin, Mellen, M., and Roychoudhury, S.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, vaječníky, kinázy, apoptóza, ovaries, kinases, apoptosis, transcription factor, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Protein kinases, transcription factors and other apoptosis- and proliferation-related proteins can regulate reproduction, but their involvement in sexual maturation remains to be elucidated. The general aim of the in vivo and in vitro experiments with porcine ovarian granulosa cells was to identify possible intracellular regulators of female sexual maturation. For this purpose, proliferation (expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen - PCNA, mitogen-activated protein kinases - ERK 1,2 related MAPK and cyclin B1), apoptosis (expression of the apoptotic protein Bax and apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 protein), expression of some protein kinases (cAMP dependent protein kinase - PKA, cGMPdependent protein kinase - PKG, tyrosine kinase - TK) and cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB-1) was examined in granulosa cells isolated from ovaries of immature and mature gilts. Expression of PCNA, ERK1,2 related MAPK, cyclin B1, Bcl-2, Bax, PKA, CREB-1, TK and PKG in porcine granulosa cells were detected by immunocytochemistry. Sexual maturation was associated with significant increase in the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, PKA, CREB-1 and TK and with decrease in the expression of ERK1,2 related MAPK, cyclin B1 and PKG in granulosa cells. No significant difference in PCNA expression was noted. The present data obtained from in vitro study indicate that sexual maturation in females is influenced by puberty-related changes in porcine ovarian signaling substances: increase in Bcl-2, Bax, PKA, CREB-1, TK and decrease in ERK1,2 related MAPK, cyclin B1 and PKG. It suggests that these signaling molecules could be potential regulators of porcine sexual maturation., A. Kolesarova, A. V. Sirotkin, M. Mellen, S. Roychoudhury., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
30026. Possible mechanisms of cardiac contractile dysfunction and electrical changes in ammonium chloride induced chronic metabolic acidosis in Wistar rats
- Creator:
- Lasheen, N.N. and Mohamed, G.F.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Aldosterone, Cardiac, Chronic metabolic acidosis, ECG, and IL-6
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Metabolic acidosis could occur due to either endogenousm acids accumulation or bicarbonate loss from the gastrointestinal tract or commonly from the kidney. This study aimed to investigatethe possible underlying mechanism(s) of chronic acidosis-inducedcardiac contractile and electrical changes in rats. Twenty four adult Wistar rats, of both sexes, were randomly divided into control group and chronic metabolic acidosis group, which received orally 0.28 M NH4Cl in the drinking water for 2 weeks. At the end of experimental period, systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were measured. On the day of sacrifice, rats were an esthetized by i.p. pentobarbitone (40mg/kg b.w.), transthoracic echocardiography and ECG were performed. Blood samples were obtained from abdominal aorta for complete blood count and determination of pH, bicarbonate, chloride, sodium, potassium, troponin I, CK-MB, IL-6, renin and aldosterone levels. Hearts from both groups were studied for cardiac tissue IL-6 and aldosterone in addition to histopathological examination. Compared to control group, chronic metabolic acidosis groupshowed anemia, significant systolic and diastolic hypotension accompanied by significant reduction of ejection fraction and fraction of shortening, significant bradycardia, prolonged QTc interval and higher widened T wave as well as significantly elevated plasma levels of renin, aldosterone, troponin I, CK-MB and IL-6, and cardiac tissue aldosterone and IL-6. The left ventricular wall of the acidosis group showed degenerated myocytes with fibrosis and apoptosis. Thus, chronic metabolic acidosis induced negative inotropic and chronotropic effects and cardiomyopathy, possibly by elevated aldosterone and IL-6 levels released from the cardiac tissue.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
30027. Possible participation of EDRF-NO in the hormonal regulation of bone blood flow in rats
- Creator:
- Kapitola, J., Schreiber, V., Andrle, J., Haas, T., and Kubíčková, J.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- bone blood flow, endothelium-derived relaxing factor, nitric oxide, and rat
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- An increase in bone blood flow (BBF) was observed in rats after castration whereas a decrease in BBF occurred after oestradiol or testosterone. The possible participation of prostaglandins in these changes was demonstrated. The present results show that the endothelium-derived relaxing factor, i. e. nitric oxide (EDRF-NO), might play a role in these hormonal actions on BBF. Until now, almost nothing is known about the possible action of NO on bone circulation. Methylene blue (MB) as a substance blocking EDRF-NO was administered to sham-operated or oophorectomized (OOX) female rats. We determined local blood flow (85Sr-microsphere uptake), cardiac output, blood pressure, heart rate, density of the tibia and ash weight, as well as 24-h incorporation of 45Ca and 3H-proline into the tibia. The administration of MB (0.5 % in the food for 4 weeks) significantly lowered both 85Sr- microsphere uptake and blood flow values in the tibia and distal femur of sham-operated and OOX rats. MB lowered cardiac output and blood pressure to the same extent, indicating no change in the vascular resistance. After the administration of MB (0.1 % in the food), 85Sr-microsphere uptake decreased significantly in the tibia of OOX females while no significant change was found in soft tissues. Bone density and ash weight were significantly lower in OOX rats and in sham-operated rats after MB treatment. Finally, the 24-h incorporation of both 45Ca and 3H-proline decreased significantly in OOX females after MB administration (0.04 % in the food). It can be concluded that 1) MB lowers BBF, suggesting the participation of EDRF-NO in BBF regulation, 2) MB does not influence or may even suppress cardiac output and blood pressure in high dosage, 3) MB lowers 24-hour incorporation of 45Ca and 3H-proline into the tibia of OOX rats, which is in agreement with the circulatory effect, 4) MB lowers bone density and ash weight of the tibia in non-castrated female rats. The effects of MB observed in our experiments partially differ from those of arginine-derived blocking agents. This requires further elucidation.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
30028. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms and new therapeutic approaches of pes equinovarus
- Creator:
- Miroslav Ošťádal, Lišková, J., Hadraba, D., and Adam Eckhardt
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, pes equinovarus, clubfoot, pathogenetic mechanisms, fibrosis, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Idiopathic pes equinovarus (clubfoot) is a congenital deformity of the foot and lower leg defined as a fixation of the foot in plantar flexion, adduction, supination and varus. The deformity does not affect only the foot position, which is usually investigated by radiography, CT, micro-CT, MRI or ultrasound but logically influence the whole gait biomechanics. It is supposed, that clubfoot belongs to a group of fibroproliferative disorders whose origin and multi- hierarchical effect remain unknown. It has been suggested that fibroblasts and growth factors may be involved. To gain a more global view, direct analysis of the protein composition of extra cellular matrix, a proteomic approach was used. At present two principle methods are mostly used for the treatment of clubfoot: physiotherapy and the Ponseti method. The determination of the general biological and biomechanical parameters for various regio ns of the clubfoot can potentially help in the understanding of the mechanisms participating on this serious anomaly and thus contribute to the development of the more efficient therapeutic approach. This review summarizes the present knowledge on the poss ible pathogenetic mechanisms participating in the development of the clubfoot and their possible relation to the new therapeutic approaches., M. Ošťádal, J. Lišková, D. Hadraba, A. Eckhardt., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
30029. Possible relation between the Müller’s map of Bohemia and the First Military Survey :
- Creator:
- Krejčí, Jiří
- Type:
- text and studie
- Subject:
- Geodezie. Kartografie, Müller, Johann Christoph,, kartografie historická, mapy staré, and historická kartografie, atlasy, staré mapy
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- unknown
30030. Possible Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Reconstruction of Peripheral Pulmonary Arteries Induced by Hypoxia
- Creator:
- Jana Novotná and Jan Herget
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Chronic hypoxia, Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, Vascular remodeling, Collagen, Metalloproteinases, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Exposure to chronic hypoxia results in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension characterized by structural remodeling of peripheral pulmonary vasculature. An important part of this remodeling is an increase of collagen turnover and deposition of newly formed collagen fibrils in the vascular walls. The activity of collagenolytic metalloproteinases in the lung tissue is notably increased in the first days of exposure to hypoxia. The increased collagenolytic activity results in the appearance of collagen cleavages, which may be implied in the triggering of mesenchymal proliferation in peripheral pulmonary arteries. We hypothesize that radical injury to pulmonary vascular walls is involved in collagenolytic metalloproteinase activation., J. Novotná, J. Herget., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public