Tranzitorní globální amnézie (TGA) je charakterizována náhlým vznikem těžké anterográdní amnézie a absencí dalších fokálních neurologických příznaků. I když je TGA většinou považována za monofázické onemocnění, recidivující průběh není raritní. Etiopatogeneze recidivujících případů nebyla většinou systematicky hodnocena. Cílem naší práce je posouzení výskytu a možných etiopatogenetických faktorů recidivující TGA. V průběhu pěti let bylo na naší klinice hospitalizováno 55 pacientů s TGA, z toho u čtyř (7,3 %) šlo o recidivující formu onemocnění. Jednotlivé případy prezentujeme formou kazuistik. Naše práce poukazuje na skutečnost, že výskyt recidivující TGA není vzácný a v našem souboru (7,3 %) odpovídá literárním údajům. Recidivy se mohou vyvinout v období několika měsíců až let od první ataky. Etiopatogeneze se zřejmě neliší od nerecidivujících forem TGA. Prokázali jsme možnou souvislost s migrénou a vaskulární příčinou kardioembolické geneze. U žádného z pacientů nebyla prokázána souvislost s epilepsií, anamnéza nepodporovala familiární výskyt., Transient global amnesia (TGA) is characterized by sudden onset of severe anterograde amnesia and absence of other focal neurological deficits. Although TGA is usually considered as monophasic disease, recurrence is not rare. Etiopathogenesis of recurrent cases has not yet been systematically evaluated. The aim of our study is to evaluate occurrence and pathophysiological factors of recurrent TGA. Within five years, 55 patients with TGA were admitted to our clinic, four of which (7.3%) presented with the recurrent form. All recurrent cases are presented as case reports. Our series showed that the incidence of recurrent TGA is not rare and, in our group (7.3%), corresponds to the reported data. Relapses can develop within several months up to several years after the first attack. Etiopathogenesis is probably the same as in non-recurrent forms of TGA. We considered possible association with migraine and vascular cardiac embolic origin. We did not find any association with epilepsy and the patient histories did not support familial occurrence. Key words: memory – transient global amnesia – transient ischemic attack – migraine The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers., and A. Mitášová, J. Bednařík
Výskyt recidiv gynekologických maligních nádorů závisí na mnoha faktorech, jako je rozsah primárního nádoru, jeho biologické vlastnosti a radikalita provedené terapie. Jejich léčba je vždy složitější a možnost kurability závisí nejen na velikosti recidivy, jejím uložení, celkovém stavu pacientky, ale zejména na předchozí prodělané terapii. U každé pacientky je třeba stanovit individuální léčebný plán, v němž se uplatňuje chirurgie, radioterapie, chemoterapie a velmi často kombinace těchto metod. Poměrně vysoké procento recidiv gynekologických malignit je vyléčitelné., Malignant gyneacological tumors recurrence rate depends on many factors. Most significant ones are primary tumor volume, its biological properties, and radicality of performed therapy. Relapses treatment is always more and more difficult and possibility of recovery depends not only on size of local relapse, its deposition, and patient‘s condition, but especially on previously performed therapy. Treatment plan has to be created for every patient individually, in which surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and most frequently a combination of all these methods are considered. Our research suggests that relatively high percentage of gyneacological relapses are curable., Martina Kubecová, Klaudia Regináčová, and Literatura
An anterograde biocytin and a retrograde WGA-colloidal gold study in the rat can provide information about reciprocal communication pathways between the red nucleus and the trigeminal sensory complex. No terminals were found within the trigeminal motor nucleus, in contrast with the facial motor nucleus. A dense terminal field was observed in the parvicellular reticular formation ventrally to the trigeminal motor nucleus. The parvicellular area may be important for the control of jaw movements by rubrotrigeminal inputs. On the other hand, the contralateral rostral parvicellular part of the red nucleus receives terminals from the same zone in the rostral part of the trigeminal sensory complex, where retrogradely labelled neurones were found after tracer injections into the red nucleus. Such relationships could be part of a control loop for somatosensory information from the orofacial area.
Reciprocal interactions between intralaminar thalamic nuclei (ncl. centralis lateralis, CL, and ncl. parafascicularis, Pf), the pretectal area (Pt) and lateral thalamic nuclei (ventrobasal complex, VB, ncl. anterior ventralis, AV, and ncl. ventralis anterior, VA) have been observed in ketamine-anaesthetized rats. Extracellular single unit activity has been recorded after single electrical stimuli. Electrical stimulation of the VB evoked a short latency orthodromic response followed by a pause in spontaneous activity in neurones of medial thalamic nuclei. Lateral thalamic neurones responded to electrical stimulation of the intralaminar nuclei or the pretectal area with the same pattern of response. Striatal, sensorimotor cortical or peripheral electrical stimulation also evoked similar responses. The pauses in spontaneous activity were shown to be the result of inhibition since the responsiveness of the intralaminar nuclei or the lateral thalamic neurones to all inputs was abolished or reduced after a conditioning electrical singleshock stimulation in the VB or in the intralaminar nuclei, respectively. The two components of the response were of a different origin, since most of the short latency responses disappeared after medullary, upper cervical sections or large decortications, while the inhibitions persisted. These inhibitions were shown to be of thalamic origin since their duration was decreased after extensive decortications increased after medullary section. It is concluded that the neuroneal properties studied in this report are probably broadly represented throughout the thalamus and that thalamic neurones are under inhibitory control elicited by afferent volleys. This inhibitory control includes a relay in the nucleus reticularis thalami (nRT). The mechanisms of sensory interaction can be purely thalamic, but they can be modulated by suprathalamic and/or mesencephalic loops.
Angiotensin I is a substrate for both the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP). The present study examined the hypothesis that a high ACE expression is associated with a low NEP activity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats had two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C), NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension, which were either angiotensin-dependent or -independent. The expression of ACE and NEP mRNA was determined in the thoracic aorta by a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The catalytic activity of NEP was measured by fluorometry. The expression of ACE was increased in 2K1C and L-NAME hypertension, and decreased in DOCA-salt hypertension. Conversely, the expression of NEP was decreased in 2K1C and L-NAME hypertension, and increased in DOCA-salt hypertension. The catalytic activity of NEP was altered similarly as its expression. These results suggest that ACE expression is inversely related to vascular NEP activity in certain forms of hypertension.