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33212. Role of tetraspanin CD9 molecule in fertilization of mammals
- Creator:
- Jankovičová, J., Michal Simon, Jana Antalíková, Cupperová, P., and Kamila Michálková
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, rozmnožování (biologie), reproduction, tetraspanin, CD antigen, ova, spermatozoa, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Fertilization process is a very clever and unique process comprising some essential steps resulting in formation of zygote. Tetraspanin CD9 is considered to be a serious candidate molecule participating in these events. The importance of CD9 has been discussed in relation to acrosome reaction, sperm-binding, sperm-penetration, sperm-egg fusion and eventually, egg activation. The abundant expression of CD9 oocyte plasma membrane and the presence of CD9-containing vesicles in the perivitelline space of intact oocytes have been confirmed. Despite the fact that majority of authors analyzed CD9 expressed on oocytes, several studies considered the function of sperm CD9, too. To understand CD9 involvement, various conditions of in vitro fertilization (IVF) assays using polyclonal as well as monoclonal antibodies or knockout mice were carried out. However, ambiguous data have been obtained about the importance of CD9 in sperm-egg binding or fusion. Although the current findings did not prove any hypothesis, the indispensable role of CD9 in fertilization process was not excluded and the precise role of CD9 remains unexplained., J. Jankovičová, M. Simon, J. Antalíková, P. Cupperová, K. Michalková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
33213. Role of the Fuel Utilized by Tissues on Coronary Vessel Response to Physical Stimuli in Isolated Rat Hearts
- Creator:
- Pagliaro, P. and Gattullo, D.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Coronary circulation, Fatty acids, D-glucose, Shear stress, and Vascular resistance
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In isolated rat hearts which can or cannot utilize fatty acids (FA) as substrates the coronary responses to an increase in flow were studied under three different conditions: a) control, during perfusion with glucose-enriched Tyrode solution which allowed the hearts to utilize long-chain FA from the endogenous pool, b) during forced utilization of glucose obtained with oxfenicine, an inhibitor of long-chain FA oxidation, and c) during restored utilization of FA obtained with the addition of hexanoic acid which bypasses the blockade induced by oxfenicine. A step increase in coronary flow (50 %) induced an increase in coronary perfusion pressure whose initial slope (first 60-80 s) was similar in all the conditions of buffer perfusion, thereafter the pressure tended to further increase under control conditions (buffer a), but to decrease during oxfenicine (buffer b). The addition of hexanoic acid to the perfusion solution (buffer c) abolished the effect of oxfenicine. Steady-state conditions were reached after four minutes of increased flow, when perfusion pressure increased by about 70 and 65 % under control conditions and during hexanoate, respectively, but only by 45 % during oxfenicine. In isolated rat hearts during inhibition of FA utilization, an increase in flow elicited a reduced increase in perfusion pressure that resulted in delayed coronary dilation. It follows that the resulting shear stress is substrate-sensitive.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
33214. Role of the posterior vacuole in Spraguea lophii (Microsporidia) spore hatching
- Creator:
- Findley, Ann M., Weidner, Earl H., Carman, Kevin R., Xu, Zhimin, and Godbar, J. Samuel
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- catalase, peroxisomal vacuole, and microsporidian spore extrusion apparatus
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Microsporidia constitute a large group of obligate intracellular protozoan parasites that inject themselves into host cells via the extrusion apparatus of the infective spore stage. Although the injection process is poorly understood, its energy source is thought to reside in the posterior vacuole that swells significantly during spore firing. Here we report the presence and localisation of the key peroxisomal enzymes catalase and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACOX) within the posterior vacuole of Spraguea lophii (Doflein, 1898) spores. Western blot analyses show that these enzymes discharge out of the spore and end up in the medium external to the extruded sporoplasms. The presence of a catalase enzyme system in the Microsporidia was first made evident by the detection of significant levels of molecular oxygen in the medium containing discharging spores in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Catalase was visualised in inactive, activated, and discharged spores using alkaline diaminobenzidine (DAB) on glutaraldehyde-fixed cells. The position of these enzymes within the extrusion apparatus before and during spore discharge support the Lom and Vávra model that postulates discharge occurs by an eversion process. In addition to these enzymes, spores of S. lophii contain another characteristic peroxisomal component, the very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) nervonic acid. A sizeable decrease in nervonic acid levels occurs during and after spore discharge. These data indicate that nervonic acid is discharged from the spore into the external medium during firing along with the catalase and ACOX enzymes.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
33215. Role of the TAp63 isoform in recurrent nasal polyps
- Creator:
- Terrinoni, A., Palombo, R., Pitolli, C., Caporali, S., de Berardinis, R., S., Lanzilotta, A., Mauramati, S., Porta, G., Minieri, M., Melino, G., Bernardini, S., and Bruno, E.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- nasal polyps, TAp6, and chronic rhinosinusitis
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The pathogenic molecular mechanisms underlying the insurgence of nasal polyps has not been completely defined. In some patients, these lesions can have a recurrence after surgery removal, and the difference between recurrent and not recurrent patients is still unclear. To molecularly characterize and distinguish between these two classes, a cohort of patientsaffected by nasal polyposis was analysed. In all patients we analysed the p63 isoform expression using fresh tissues taken after surgery. Moreover, confocal immunofluorescence analysis of fixed se-tions was performed. The results show high ∆Np63 expression in samples from the nasal polyps of patients compared to the normal epithelia. Analysis of the expression level of the TAp63 isoform shows diferential expression between the patients with recurrence compared to those not recurring. The data, considered as the ∆N/TAp63 ratio, really discriminate the two groups. In fact, even though ∆Np63 is expressed in non-recurrent patients, the resulting ratio ∆N/TAp63 is significantly lower in these patients. This clearly indicates that the status of TAp63 expression, represented by the ∆N/TAp63 ratio, could be considered a prognostic marker of low recurrence probability. In these samples we also investigated the expression of OTX2 transcription factor, known to be a selective activator of TAp63, detecting a significant correlation. Database analysis of HNSCC patients showed increased survival for the patients presenting OTX2 amplification and/or overexpression. These results, together with the fact that TAp63 can be selectively upregulated by HDAC inhibitors, open the possibility to consider local treatment of recurrent nasal polyps with these molecules. and Corresponding authors: Ernesto Bruno, Alessandro Terrinoni
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
33216. Role of volatile and contact pheromones in the mating behaviour of Bagrada hilaris (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
- Creator:
- Guarino, Salvatore, de Pasquale, Claudio, Peri, Ezio, Alonzo, Giuseppe, and Colazza, Stefano
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Bagrada hilaris, Painted bug, vertical open Y-shaped olfactometer, air collection, GC-MS, and pheromone
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Volatiles and contact pheromones involved in the mating behaviour of the Painted bug, Bagrada hilaris Burmeister (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), were investigated in behavioural and chemical experiments. Vertical open Y-shaped olfactometer bioassays showed that odour from males attract females but not males, while that from females did not attract either gender. Adult females were also attracted by hexane extracts of volatile compounds collected from males. In open arena bioassays, males displayed the characteristic steps of courtship behaviour in the presence of virgin females. Such courtship behaviour was displayed in the presence of females killed by freezing, but not in the presence of freeze-killed females washed with hexane. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of volatile compounds produced by cohorts of 20 B. hilaris adults and collected over 48 h showed that both males and females produce the compounds nonanal, decanal and (E)-2-octenyl acetate. Of these compounds males produce significantly more (E)-2-o-octenyl acetate, i.e. 186.74 ng and 67.53 ng for males and females respectively. These findings indicate this compound is possibly a long range volatile pheromone, and a complex lipophilic fraction of the adult cuticle possible contact pheromone involved in short range courtship behaviour.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
33217. Role of water and moisture in diapause development (A review)
- Creator:
- Hodek, Ivo
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Diapause development, horotelic vs. tachytelic processes, diapause intensity, post-diapause morphogenesis, water, moisture, temperature, and photoperiod
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- While observational studies led to the assumption that water or moisture (W/M) is a prerequisite for diapause development, the experimental research indicates rather the opposite: usually W/M is needed as late as for the post-diapause resumption of morphogenesis. Recent examples for this type of regulation of dormancy are given: Eggs of the tettigoniid Stictophaula armata, eggs of the grasshopper Oedaleus senegalensis, adults of the bruchid Bruchidius atrolineatus, adults of the endomychid Stenotarsus subtilis (= S. rotundus). In the late diapause of the noctuid Busseola fusca and in eggs of the chrysomelid Homichloda barkeri, moisture is assumed to be the diapause terminating cue. Fall in temperature is assumed decisive for termination of pupal diapause in the saturniid Schausiella santarosensis, although the effect of intense rain after a long dry period has not yet been excluded. Effects of intense changes in environmental conditions and of gradual decrease in diapause intensity with time have often been neglected.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
33218. Role peroperační ultrasonografie v léčbě jaterních metastáz kolorektálního karcinomu - srovnání s výsledky předoperačních zobrazovacích vyšetření
- Creator:
- Korčáková, Eva, Mírka, Hynek, Skalický, Tomáš, Třeška, Vladislav, Liška, Václav, Baxa, Jan, Ferdová, Eva, Nováková, Martina, and Skála, Václav
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, práce podpořená grantem, and TEXT
- Subject:
- kolorektální nádory--komplikace, nádory jater--radiografie--sekundární--ultrasonografie, peroperační péče, intervenční ultrasonografie--metody, retrospektivní studie, senzitivita a specificita, and lidé
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Cíl: Srovnání senzitivity peroperační ultrasonografie (IOUS), CT, MR a PET/CT při detekci jaterních metastáz kolorektálního karcinomu. Metodika: Retrospektivně jsme hodnotili soubor pacientů operovaných pro metastázy kolorektálního karcinomu v letech 2009-2014 na chirurgické klinice v Plzni a srovnávali jsme výsledky předoperačních diagnostických metod (CT, MR či PET/CT) s nálezem IOUS, kterou bereme za zlatý standard. Zjišťovali jsme počet dodatečných lézí objevených až během operačního zákroku prostřednictvím IOUS a vypočítali jsme senzitivitu a specificitu uvedených metod. Výsledky: Naše výsledky ukazují, že předoperační diagnostické metody mají ve srovnání s IOUS senzitivitu/specificitu: CT 82,2 %/93,1 %, MR 89,3 %/100 %, PET/CT 82,0 %/96,1 % a relativně nízkou negativní prediktivní hodnotu CT 54,9 %, MR 66, 6 %, PET/ CT 52,0 %. Peroperačně bylo nalezeno 18 % dodatečných lézí oproti předoperačnímu CT či PET/CT a 10 % oproti MR. Závěr: IOUS je metodou poskytující aktuální pohled na játra v okamžiku operace a dokáže s vysokou přesností zhodnotit lokalizaci a velikost řešeného nádoru. Zároveň je nejsenzitivnější v detekci drobných lézí, které nemusí být předoperační zobrazovací metodou zachyceny., Aim: Comparison of the sensitivity of intraoperative ultrasonography, CT, MRI and PET/CT in the detection of colorectal cancer metastases. Method: In cohort of patients which were operated for liver metastases of colorectal carcinoma were retrospectively corelated results of preoperative imaging (CT, MRI and PET/CT) with intraoperative ultrasound. We searched for additional lesions that were invisible in CT, MRI or PET/CT. Sensitivity and specificity of CT, PET/CT and MRI was calculated. Results: Our results show that preoperative diagnostic methods are compared with the IOUS lower sensitivity/specificity: CT 82.2%/93.1%, MR 89.3%/100%, PET/CT 82.0%/96.1% and low negative predictive value CT 54.9%, MR 66.6%, PET/CT 52.0%. Intraoperatively we found 18% additional lesions compared to preoperative CT or PET/ CT and 10% compared to preoperative MRI. Conclusion: IOUS is a method that provides synoptic view of the liver at the time of the surgery and it is able to show accurately size and location of operated tumor. It is considered as the most sensitive method in detection of small lesions that maybe missed in preoperative imaging., Eva Korčáková, Hynek Mírka, Tomáš Skalický, Vladislav Třeška, Václav Liška, Jan Baxa, Eva Ferdová, Martina Nováková, Václav Skála, and Literatura
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
33219. Role plátce ve zdravotním systému
- Creator:
- Darmopilová, Zuzana
- Format:
- 12-16, braille, electronic resource, remote, and elektronický zdroj
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, statistics, and TEXT
- Subject:
- lidé, reforma zdravotní péče, poplatky lékařské, zdravotní politika, and řízení veřejného zdraví
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Postavení plátce ve zdravotnictví je zajímavou a často diskutovanou problematikou v mnoha zdravotních systémech. Česká republika v tomto směru není výjimkou. Již od roku 1993 se zde, méně či více bouřlivě, vedou debaty o tom, zda je, po vzoru národních služeb, lépe mít zdravotní systém s jedním plátcem či zda dát prostor vícero plátcům. Záměrem autorky je přispět do této polemiky a na základě poznatků literatury se zamyslet nad tím, jakou roli by vlastně plátci ve zdravotnictví měli plnit. Následně k tomu vymezit a diskutovat, jaké podmínky musí být splněny, aby tyto role plátci plnit skutečně mohli. Jinými slovy, cílem článku je specifikovat role plátců ve zdravotních systémech a vymezit a diskutovat podmínky vedoucí k tomu, aby tyto role plnit mohli., The role of payers in the healthcare systems is an interesting and often discussed issue in many countries. The Czech Republic is not an exception. Since 1993, there has been a debate, more or less heated, of whether it is better to have a single payer system (like NHS) or whether the pluralistic system should take place. The purpose of the author is to contribute to this polemics and based on the literature review, to think about what is/should be the role of the payer in the healthcare systems and, in accordance to this, to specify and to discuss the conditions that must be fulfilled to accomplish those roles. In other words, the aim of the contribution is to specify roles/objectives of payers in healthcare systems in general and to define and discuss conditions that must be fulfilled to attain those objectives., Zuzana Darmopilová, and Literatura
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
33220. Role radioterapie v léčbě sarkomů měkkých tkání
- Creator:
- Lovas, Pavel, Lovasová, Zuzana, and Garčicová, Jana
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
- Subject:
- nádory měkkých tkání--klasifikace--radioterapie, sarkom--klasifikace--radioterapie, dávkování radioterapie, plánování radioterapie pomocí počítače--metody--škodlivé účinky, brachyterapie--metody--využití, končetiny--účinky záření, lidé, financování organizované, radioterapie adjuvantní--metody, intersticiální brachyterapie, končetinové sarkomy, and široká excize
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Autoři na základě zkušenosti, literárního review a doporučení mezinárodních společností podávají evidence based přehled této problematiky., Based on their experience, literature review and recommendations of international organizations, the authors provide an evidencebased review of this issue., Pavel Lovas, Zuzana Lovasová, Jana Garčicová, and Lit.: 33
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public