In Norway, very few bats are found in caves and mines in winter, thus other habitats must be primary hibernation sites in this region. To explore roost site selection in late autumn and early winter at 62° N in western Norway, 18 bats of three genera of the Vespertilionidae family that are known to use underground hibernation sites were tagged with radio transmitters. The bats were tracked mostly during daytime between late September and up to
early January. Mainly three habitats were used by bats in late autumn in this
study; buildings, crevices in rock walls and rock scree. Roosts were distributed from sea level to the low alpine zone. Rock scree was confirmed as a hibernation site for bats.
Lithuania is on the edge of the main distribution range of the root vole (Microtus oeconomus). It was found that the trappability of M. oeconomus did not depend on the trapping effort, the number of recorded species and individuals or the species diversity. All 13 localities with proportions of M. oeconomus constituting over 30% of the small mammal community are situated in the south and west of Lithuania. Analysis of data collected over 50 years confirms that the species has become more abundant, more widespread and its distribution range has spread north and east from the south and west of the country. The main habitats for M. oeconomus in Lithuania are reedbeds, meadows, shrubby areas and shores of water bodies. Abandoned former agricultural areas create suitable habitats for the species, thus promoting its increased abundance and wider distribution.
In 1998, the EU Council adopted Council Regulation (EC) No 2411/98 of 3rd November 1998 on the recognition in intra Community traffic of the distinguishing sign of the Member State in which motor vehicles and their trailers are registered. The purpose of the regulation was primarily to reflect a situation when several EU Member States had introduced a model registration plate which, on the extreme left, was displaying a blue zone containing the twelve yellow stars representing the European flag plus the distinguishing sign of the Member State of registration. The future of European license plates will be connected with European integration even if individual Member States maintain their national features.
Enhanced production of superoxide radicals by nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in the brain and/or kidney of salt hypertensive Dahl rats has been proposed to participate in the pathogenesis of this form of experimental hypertension. Most information was obtained in young Dahl saltsensitive (DS) rats subjected to high salt intake prior to sexual maturation. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate whether salt hypertension induced in adult DS rats is also accompanied with a more pronounced oxidative stress in the brain or kidney as compared to Dahl salt-resistant (DR) controls. NADPH oxidase activity as well as the content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and conjugated dienes (oxidative index), which indicate a degree of lipid peroxidation, were evaluated in two brain regions (containing either hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus or rostral ventrolateral medulla) as well as in renal medulla and cortex. High salt intake induced hypertension in DS rats but did not modify blood pressure in DR rats. DS and DR rats did not differ in NADPH oxidase-dependent production of ROS, TBARS content or oxidative index in either part of the brain. In addition, high-salt diet did not change significantly any of these brain parameters. In contrast, the enhanced NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS production (without significant signs of increased lipid peroxidation) was detected in the renal medulla of salt hypertensive DS rats. Our findings suggest that there are no signs of enhanced oxidative stress in the brain of adult Dahl rats with salt hypertension induced in adulthood., M. Vokurková, H. Rauchová, L. Řezáčová, I. Vaněčková, J. Zicha., and Obsahuje bibliografii