The species of the genus Argyra Macquart from China are revised. The following 3 species are new to science: Argyra (Argyra) serrata sp. n., A. (A.) pallipilosa sp. n., A. (A.) nigripilosa sp. n.
The species of the genus Microtrichalus Pic, 1921 represented in the Philippines are revised. Six species are placed in the genus; in addition to M. basipennis (Pic, 1926), two species are described as new (M. retractus sp. n. and M. salvani sp. n., both from Mindanao), and three species are transferred from the genus Trichalus Waterhouse, 1877: M. bakeri (Kleine, 1929) comb. n., M. costilis (Kleine, 1926) comb. n. and M. communis (Waterhouse, 1879) comb. n. A key to the six Philippine Microtrichalus species and illustrations of their important diagnostic characters are provided. Trichalus nigricauda Bourgeois, 1886 and T. longicollis Bourgeois, 1883 are transferred to the genus Leptotrichalus Kleine, 1925. Leptotrichalus mindorosus Pic, 1925 is proposed to be a junior subjective synonym of Leptotrichalus longicollis (Bourgeois, 1883).
This essay outlines a generalized Riemann approach to the analysis of random variation and illustrates it by a construction of Brownian motion in a new and simple manner.
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstric tion (HPV) is an important homeostatic mechanism in which increases of [Ca2+] i are primary events. In this study, primary cultured, human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (hPASMC) were used to examine the role of TRPC channels in mediating [Ca2+] i elevations during hypoxia. Hypoxia (PO2 about 20 mm Hg) evoked a transient [Ca2+] i elevation that was reduced by removal of extracellular calcium. Nifedipine and verapamil, blockers of vo ltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), attenuated th e hypoxia-induced [Ca2+] i elevation by about 30 %, suggesting the presence of alternate Ca2+ entry pathways. Expression of TRPC1 an d TRPC6 in hPASMC were found by RT-PCR and confirmed by Western blot analysis. Antagonists for TRPC, 2APB and SKF96365, significantly reduced hypoxia-induced [Ca2+] i elevation by almost 60 %. Both TRPC6 and TRPC1 were knocked down by siRNA, the loss of TRPC6 decreased hypoxic response down to 21 % of control, whereas the knockdown of TRPC1 reduced the hypoxia respon se to 85 %, suggesting that TRPC6 might play a central role in mediating hypoxia response in hPASMC. However, blockade of PLC pathway caused only small inhibition of the hypoxia response. In contrast, AICAR, the agonist of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), induced a gradual [Ca2+] i elevation, whereas compound C, an antagonist of AMPK, almost abolished the hypoxia response. Ho wever, co-immunoprecipitation revealed that AMPK α was not colocalized with TRPC6. Our data supports a role for TRPC6 in mediation of the [Ca2+] i elevation in response to hypoxia in hPASMC and suggests that this response may be linked to cellular energy status via an activation of AMPK., C. Tang, W. K To, F. Meng, Y. Wang, Y. Gu., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The aim of this contribution is to study the role of the coefficient r in the qualitative theory of the equation (r(t)Φ(y ∆))∆+p(t)Φ(y σ ) = 0, where Φ(u) = |u| α−1 sgn u with α > 1. We discuss sign and smoothness conditions posed on r, (non)availability of some transformations, and mainly we show how the behavior of r, along with the behavior of the graininess of the time scale, affect some comparison results and (non)oscillation criteria. At the same time we provide a survey of recent results acquired by sophisticated modifications of the Riccati type technique, which are supplemented by some new observations.