There is a large body of evidence documenting the effects of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with the first double bond at the third position from methyl-terminal (so called omega-3 fatty acids (FAs)) on different components of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, it may seem the more answers on the topic we learn, the more questions remain to be elucidated. There are three levels of evidence documenting the impact of fish omega-3 FAs on CVD risk. Epidemiological data have shown unequivocally the increased intake of fish is associated with lower CVD morbidity and mortality. Numerous experimental studies have shown (almost always) positive effects of omega-3 FAs on lipoprotein metabolism, coagulation and platelet function, endothelial function, arterial stiffness etc. Most importantly, there are a few prospective clinical endpoint trials (DART, JELIS, GISSI Prevenzione and GISSI-HF) that have examined the impact of omega-3 FAs supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes in different patient populations. Recent meta-analyses of these and other clinical studies have yielded somewhat conflicting results. In this review we will summarize current evidence of omega-3 FAs effects on cardiovascular risk focusing on new data from recent clinical trials as well as possible practical implications for clinical practice., M. Vrablík ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Omega-3 fatty acids (Ω3FA) are known to reduce hypertriglyceridemia- and inflammation-induced vascular wall diseases. However, mechanisms of their effects are not completely clear. We examined, whether 10-day Ω3FA diet can reduce bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced changes in expression of gap junction protein connexin40 (Cx40) in the aorta of hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (hHTG) rats. After administration of a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) to adult hHTG rats, animals were fed with Ω3FA diet (30 mg/kg/day) for 10 days. LPS decreased Cx40 expression that was associated with reduced acetylcholine-induced relaxation of aorta. Ω3FA administration to LPS rats had partial anti-inflammatory effects, associated with increased Cx40 expression and improved endothelium dependent relaxation of the aorta. Our results suggest that 10-day Ω3FA diet could protect endothelium-dependent relaxation of the aorta of hHTG rats against LPS-induced damage through the modulation of endothelial Cx40 expression, K. Frimmel, R. Sotníková, J. Navarová, I. Bernátová, J. Križák, Z. Haviarová, B. Kura, J. Slezák, Ľ. Okruhlicová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
A space $X$ is $\mathcal L$-starcompact if for every open cover $\mathcal U$ of $X,$ there exists a Lindelöf subset $L$ of $X$ such that $\mathop {\mathrm St}(L,{\mathcal U})=X.$ We clarify the relations between ${\mathcal L}$-starcompact spaces and other related spaces and investigate topological properties of ${\mathcal L}$-starcompact spaces. A question of Hiremath is answered.
The concept of the $k$-pairable graphs was introduced by Zhibo Chen (On $k$-pairable graphs, Discrete Mathematics 287 (2004), 11–15) as an extension of hypercubes and graphs with an antipodal isomorphism. In the same paper, Chen also introduced a new graph parameter $p(G)$, called the pair length of a graph $G$, as the maximum $k$ such that $G$ is $k$-pairable and $p(G)=0$ if $G$ is not $k$-pairable for any positive integer $k$. In this paper, we answer the two open questions raised by Chen in the case that the graphs involved are restricted to be trees. That is, we characterize the trees $G$ with $p(G)=1$ and prove that $p(G \square H)=p(G)+p(H)$ when both $G$ and $H$ are trees.