Pády ve stáří jsou jedním z typických komplexních geriatrických symptomů a signalizují přítomnost často mnohočetné orgánové patologie, jsou nespecifickým příznakem řady onemocnění, jejich příčiny jsou mnohočetné a důsledky často velmi vážné. Vysoký věk a jej doprovázející polymorbidita, polypragmazie a dysabilita zvyšují riziko pádů. Všichni starší nemocní s anamnézou pádu jsou skupinou rizikovou, označovanou v anglosaském písemniaví jako at risk nebo též frail elderly (křehký, zranitelný) starý člověk. Screeningový test mobility umožňuje identifikovat rizikové faktory a činnosti a spolu s anamnézou je u více než 75 % nemocných klíčem ke klinické diagnóze a cílené intervenci. Vhodnou intervencí lze riziko opakujících se pádů významně omezit., Falls in elderly persons represent a typical complex geriatric syndrome. Often, they are a signal of multiple organ pathology and unspecific manifestation of many diseases. Causes of falls are multiple and falls sequelae often serious. Old age, polymorbidity, polypharmacy and disability are among the most important independent risk faaors. Population of elderly „fallers" must be seen as a risk group and often the terminology „frail elderly" is used in Anglo-Saxon terminology. The Mobility Screening Test (MST) enables to identify possible contriburing faaors and aaivities leading to falls. MST, careful medical history and physical exam help to diagnose more than 75 % of elderly „fallers" and to target the intervention programs for reducing the risk of repeated falls significantly., Jan Klán, Eva Topinková, Lit: 23, and Souhrn: eng
V příspěvku kazuisticky demonstrujeme méně častou příčinu sekundární hypertenze v dětství a adolescenci. Ojedinělý je také časový odstup mezi udávaným úrazem a vznikem obtíží, které vedly k vyšetření. Punkce a evakuace staršího hematomu ledviny a pozdější laparoskopická operace pro recidivu kolekce tekutin přispěly k normalizaci krevního tlaku a vyléčení chlapce., This case report presents late onset secondary hypertension due to traumatic subcapsular haematoma in a young boy (page kidney). Rare was the time gap between trauma and clinical presentation. Puncture and evacuation of the older haematoma with subsequent laparoscopic marsupialisation of the subcapsular space due to a recurrent fluid collection were curative., Jiří Špaček, Ivo Novák, Barbora Jasná, Jan Tomášek, Slavomír Vachata, Miloš Broďák, and Literatura
Animal models are important for the investigation of mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in various human diseases, including schizophrenia. Recently, two neurodevelopmental rat models of this psychosis were developed based upon the use of subunit selective N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonists - quinolinic acid (QUIN) and N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG). The aim of this study was to evaluate pain perception in these models. QUIN or NAAG was infused into lateral cerebral ventricles neonatally. In the adulthood, the pain perception was examined. The rats with neonatal brain lesions did not show any significant differences in acute mechanical nociception and in formalin test compared to controls. However, the neonatally lesioned rats exhibited significantly higher pain thresholds in thermal nociception. Increased levels of mechanical hyperalgesia, accompanying the sciatic nerve constriction (neuropathic pain), were also observed in lesioned rats. Although hyperalgesia was more pronounced in QUIN-treated animals, the number of c-Fos-immunoreactive neurons of the lumbar spinal cord was similar in experimental and control rats. We conclude that neonatal brain lesions attenuated the thermal perception in both nociceptive and neuropathic pain whereas mechanical pain was increased in the model of neuropathic pain only. Thus, nociceptive and neuropathic pain belongs - in addition to behavioral changes - among the parameters which are affected in described animal models of schizophrenia., M. Franěk ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy