Expression of parvalbumin (PV) and transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV1) receptors in the lumbar dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRG) was evaluated in control animals and in rats after acute carageenan-induced knee joint inflammation. PV is a calcium binding protein that acts as a calcium buffer, affects intracellular calcium homeostasis and may thus influence signal transduction and synaptic transmission. TRPV1 receptors are viewed as molecular integrators of nociceptive stimuli and modulate spinal cord synaptic transmission beside their function in the peripheral nerve endings. In naive rats, 13 % of the L4 DRG neurons had PV immunopositivity (PV+) and 36 % expressed TRPV1 receptors (TRPV1+). The soma of the PV+ neurons was of medium to large size, while the TRPV1 receptors were expressed in small diameter neurons. The co-localization of the PV and TRPV1 immunoreactivity was minimal (0.2 %). There was no significant change in the PV+ (11 %), TRPV1+ (42 %) and PV+TRPV1+ (0.25 %) expression, or shift in the neuronal size distribution 28 h after the unilateral peripheral inflammation, both when compared to controls and when ipsilateral to contralateral sides were evaluated. Thus under the given experimental conditions, no change in somatic TRPV1 receptors and PV expression in L4 DRG neurons was found., G. Zachařová, J. Paleček., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Pásový opar je vyvolán jedním z lidských herpetických virů. Jde o projev reaktivace viru, ke které dochází nejčastěji u starších osob. Příčinou může být těžké základní onemocnění, ale i přirozený pokles imunity, ke kterému dochází ve stáří. Pásový opar se však může objevit i u dětí a mladých lidí, jejichž imunita je narušena těžkým onemocněním či jeho léčbou., Shingles is caused by one of the human herpetic viruses. It is an expression of reactivation of the virus which mostly occurs in elderly people. Shingles can be caused by a severe underlying illness, as well as by natural decline in immunity brought about by the advancing age. However, herpes zoster can also occur in children or young people whose immunity has been compromised by severe illness or its treatment., and Hana Roháčová
A model with two masses is considered where the upper mass is self-excited due to the negative linear damping component and the lower mass represents the damped foundation subsystem. The passive means represents the positive linear damping of foundation subsystem and the active one the linear parametric excitation due to the periodic changing of the foundation mounts stiffness. In the case when only passive means are used the optimal tuning can be reached when stability limits for both vibration modes merge together. The condition for such tuning of the system in question is formulated. But when the stability condition is not met then this tuning of the system is not suitable for using in addition the active means in the form of parametric excitation. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Abiotic and biotic factors determine success or failure of individual organisms, populations and species. The early life stages are often the most vulnerable to heavy mortality due to environmental conditions. The deer ked (Lipoptena cervi Linnaeus, 1758) is an invasive insect ectoparasite of cervids that spends an important period of the life cycle outside host as immobile pupa. During winter, dark-coloured pupae drop off the host onto the snow, where they are exposed to environmental temperature variation and predation as long as the new snowfall provides shelter against these mortality factors. The other possible option is to passively sink into the snow, which is aided by morphology of pupae. Here, we experimentally studied passive snow sinking capacity of pupae of L. cervi. We show that pupae have a notable passive snow sinking capacity, which is the most likely explained by pupal morphology enabling solar energy absorption and pupal weight. The present results can be used when planning future studies and when evaluating possible predation risk and overall survival of this invasive ectoparasite species in changing environmental conditions., Sirpa Kaunisto, Hannu Ylönen, Raine Kortet., and Obsahuje bibliografii