"Dieser Entwicklung trug das Herser-Institut Rechnung, als es im September 2004 eine zehntägige internationale und interdisziplinäre Sommerakademie...unter dem Titel "Politische Mythen im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. Perspektiven historischen Mythosforschung" ausrichtete und die Sektion "Mythos und Raum, Identitätsbildungs- und Legitimationsstrategien am Beispiel ausgewählter ostmitteleuropäischer Grenzregionen" auf dem 45. Deutschen Historikertag in Kiel."--S. vii
The paper focuses on the links between the doctrines taught by Joseph von Sonnenfels at the University of Vienna and his moral weekly Der Mann ohne Vorurtheil. The hypothesis that Sonnenfels uses his publication to divulge his academic findings to a wider public is supported by a comparison of his academic and literary works, and three of the many aspects are presented. Sonnenfels writes not only about moral issues but also about the ideal relationship between the state and its citizens, and he uses the moral weekly to express his ideas about the Viennese theatre and the way it should be censored. With regard to censorship there exist some differences between the theory defended by Sonnenfels and his personal experience as an author. In fact some pieces of his moral weekly got him in trouble and he was forbidden to address certai topics, such as the Church and the situation of the peasants. The most prevalent themae, however, is marriage and gender relations. According to his doctrines high ethical and educational standards as well as a high population keep a state safe from within and that leads Sonnenfels to concentrate on this issue., Magdalena Matzneller., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Pollen diagrams, based on sediments from four small mires on the eastern summits of the Jeseníky Mts (the Praděd-Altvater group) in the Sudetes, the Czech Republic, show the development of vegetation in the area since the Subboreal period (ca 4700 B.P.). Stands of Corylus avellana with Picea abies and some Tilia cf. platyphyllos covered the eastern summits of the Jeseníky Mts between ca 5000 and 3000 B.P. Corylus avellana probably played the same role as Pinus mugo, common at similar altitudes in other Sudetes ranges. Between ca 3000 and 500–400 B.P. Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica and Abies alba dominated the natural precultural forests at the present alpine forest limit. An admixture of Acer (cf. pseudoplatanus) and Ulmus (cf. glabra) is very probable. Human impact (mountain summer grazing, hay making, selective beech cutting) influenced the summit vegetation and lowered the natural forest line from the beginning of the 17th century. The planting of spruce started at the beginning of the 19th century and is well expressed in the pollen diagrams. No traces of Pinus mugo, documented by Pinus sylvestris type of pollen or macroscopic material, were found.
Two species of the Chrysoperla carnea complex: Ch. carnea sensu Henry and Ch. lucasina, occur in the crop environment in western France. Within the framework of a conservation biological control program for protected seed crops, the pollen consumption of these common green lacewings was investigated. The diverticulum contents of collected specimens were analysed to determine their food preference. Ch. carnea sensu Henry and Ch. lucasina are opportunistic feeders, which are attracted to large patches of flowering plants. The establishment of monitoring an attractive environment for these predators is discussed.
Pollen viability was analysed causally between and within Central European Cirsium species and their hybrids to determine (i) how frequently hybrids are fertile and produce viable pollen; (ii) how the pollen viability of hybrids and their parents are related and how this is affected by the genetic distance between parents; (iii) how species promiscuity relates to species pollen viability; (iv) to what extent the pollen viability of a hybrid may predetermine its frequency in nature; (v) how the pollen viability of a hybrid and sympatricity of its parental species are related; and (vii) how the frequency of females in populations of gynodioecious species may affect the observed pollen viability. Altogether, the viability of 656,363 pollen grains was analysed using Alexander’s staining (1185 flowers from 301 plants from 67 field populations of 13 pure species and 1693 flowers from 345 plants from 96 field populations of 16 natural hybrids). The particular characters potentially related with pollen viability were estimated using following methods: natural hybrid frequency and species interfertility (by herbarium data), genetic distance (by AFLP), sympatricity (in local scale based on herbaria and literature data; on a global scale using the similarity between digitized maps of natural ranges). The strengths of pre- or postzygotic isolation were estimated for hybridizing species pairs using geographical data and pollen viability analyses. All hermaphrodite plants of the Cirsium hybrids had viable pollen, generally at lower levels than those found in pure species. The pollen viability of a hybrid generally decreased with increasing genetic distance between the parents and when the parental species had lower pollen viability. The pollen viability was decreased in frequently hybridizing species where occasionally individuals of pure species morphology may show decreased pollen viability. In some instances these might represent some unrecognized hybrid backcrosses. In populations of gynodioecious species where females co-occurred, pollen viability (in hermaphrodites)was also lower, indicating some degree of inbreeding depression. Hybrids between sympatric species exhibited higher post-pollination isolation (decrease of pollen viability), which suggests that the reproductive isolation had been increased by natural selection (effect similar to the Wallace effect). The strength of the postzygotic barrier (based on pollen viability) was generally stronger than that of the prezygotic barrier (based on distribution overlap) in studied hybridizing species pairs.
Pollination of Sedirea japonica (Orchidaceae) by Bombus diversus diversus (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Kenji Suetsugu, KOji Tanaka., and Obsahuje seznam literatury