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29922. Polyadenylated sequencing primers enable complete readability of PCR amplicons analyzed by dideoxynucleotide sequencing
- Creator:
- Beránek, Martin, Drastíková, Monika, and Petera, Jiří
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, časopisecké články, práce podpořená grantem, and TEXT
- Subject:
- DNA primery, dideoxynukleotidy--genetika, lidé, techniky amplifikace nukleových kyselin, polymerázová řetězová reakce, and sekvenční analýza DNA
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Dideoxynucleotide DNA sequencing is one of the principal procedures in molecular biology. Loss of an initial part of nucleotides behind the 3' end of the sequencing primer limits the readability of sequenced amplicons. We present a method which extends the readability by using sequencing primers modified by polyadenylated tails attached to their 5' ends. Performing a polymerase chain reaction, we amplified eight amplicons of six human genes (AMELX, APOE, HFE, MBL2, SERPINA1 and TGFB1) ranging from 106 bp to 680 bp. Polyadenylation of the sequencing primers minimized the loss of bases in all amplicons. Complete sequences of shorter products (AMELX 106 bp, SERPINA1 121 bp, HFE 208 bp, APOE 244 bp, MBL2 317 bp) were obtained. In addition, in the case of TGFB1 products (366 bp, 432 bp, and 680 bp, respectively), the lengths of sequencing readings were significantly longer if adenylated primers were used. Thus, single strand dideoxynucleotide sequencing with adenylated primers enables complete or near complete readability of short PCR amplicons. and M. Beránek, M. Drastíková, J. Petera
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
29923. Polybius, Nabis, and Equality /
- Creator:
- Mendels, Doron
- Type:
- text and studie
- Subject:
- Dějiny zemí starověkého světa, hnutí sociální, Sparta, and starověké Řecko, Kréta
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- unknown
29924. Polychlorinated biphenyl 153 in lipid medium modulates differentiation of human adipocytes
- Creator:
- Dana Müllerová, Martin Pešta, Dvorakova, J., Miroslava Čedíková, Vlastimil Kulda, Dvorak, P., Bouchalová, V., Milena Králíčková, Babuska, V., Jitka Kuncová, Jana Langmajerová, and Muller, L.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, genová exprese, gene expression, adipogenesis, PCBs, phospho-Akt/Akt, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Emerging evidence indicates that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are involved in the development of diabetes mellitus in the obese. The purpose of this study was to determine mechanisms by which PCB 153 (2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl) could influence diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance during adipogenesis. Lineage of h-ADMSCs was differentiated either as control (differentiation medium only), or with lipid vehicle modeling high fat nutrition (NuTRIflex) or lipid free vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide) for 28 days with or without PCB 153 daily co-exposure (in three concentrations 0.1, 1, and 10 μM). Gene expression analyses were performed using RT-qPCR at days 4, 10, 21, 24, 28; p rotein l evels A kt a nd phosphorylated Akt (Phospho-Akt) by Western blot at days 4, and 21. PCB 153 treatment of h-ADMSCs only in lipid vehicle was associated with down regulation of key master genes of adipogenesis: PPARγ, SREBP-1, PPARGC1B, and PLIN2 during the whole process of differentiation; and with increased Akt and decreased Phospho-Akt protein level at day 21. We have shown that PCB 153, in concentration 0.1 μM, has a potential in lipid rich environment to modulate differentiation of adipocytes. Because European and U.S. adults have been exposed to PCB 153, this particular nutrient-toxicant interaction potentially impacts human obesity and insulin sensitivity., D. Mullerova, M. Pesta, J. Dvorakova, M. Cedikova, V. Kulda, P. Dvorak, V. Bouchalová, M. Kralickova, V. Babuska, J. Kuncova, J. Langmajerova, L. Muller., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
29925. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other organic compounds in ashes from biomass combustion
- Creator:
- Pavel Straka and Havelcová, Martina
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, popely, ashes, biomass combustion, PAHs, unburned carbon, 7, and 551
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Power generation from biomass is a substantial source of ashes, the extent of which depends on the type of biomass fuel and technology of combustion being used. The current study focuses on comparison of ashes with a special emphasis on hazardous organic compounds, particularly the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) fraction, present in ash. The reason is that ashes from combustion of wood or straw are considered as fertilizers in agricultural soils. Ash samples were therefore collected from power plants in the Czech Republic coming from combustion of wood chips, sawdust, bark and straw. The organic fraction was separated by extraction, the final determination of PAHs was performed by GC-UV. The total concentration of PAHs was found to be in the range 15-733 μ g/kg. These compounds are formed during the pyrolysis stage of the combustion process by the secondary ar omatization reactions in char at temperatures above 400 °C. The created PAHs are bound in the porous unburned carbon. For a more detailed qualitative analysis of other organic compounds the GC-MS was used. Higher and branched aliphatic hydrocarbons, ketones, amides and phthalates in the sample with the highest unburned carbon content were found., Pavel Straka and Martina Havelcová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29926. Polycyclic groups with automorphisms of order four
- Creator:
- Xu, Tao, Zhou, Fang, and Liu, Heguo
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- matematika, mathematics, polycyclic group, regular automorphism, surjectivity, 13, and 51
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In this paper, we study the structure of polycyclic groups admitting an automorphism of order four on the basis of Neumann’s result, and prove that if α is an automorphism of order four of a polycyclic group G and the map φ: G → G defined by gφ = [g,α] is surjective, then G contains a characteristic subgroup H of finite index such that the second derived subgroup H″ is included in the centre of H and CH(α2) is abelian, both CG(α2) and G/[G, α2] are abelian-by-finite. These results extend recent and classical results in the literature., Tao Xu, Fang Zhou, Heguo Liu., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
29927. Polydentátne ligandy pre moderné rádiofarmaka obsahujúce 64Cu - review
- Creator:
- Staník, Roman and Světlík, Jan
- Format:
- braille, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, přehledy, práce podpořená grantem, and TEXT
- Subject:
- chelátotvorné látky--chemická syntéza--chemie--klasifikace, radiofarmaka--chemická syntéza--chemie, organokovové sloučeniny--chemická syntéza--chemie, měď - radioisotopy--klasifikace, měď, pozitronová emisní tomografie, tomografie emisní počítačová jednofotonová, vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou, isotopy - značkování, bifunkční chelátory, polydentátní ligandy, and 64Cu
- Language:
- Czech, Slovak, and English
- Description:
- Molekulárne zobrazovacie techniky (PET, SPECT) zohrávajú dôležitú úlohu v nukleárnej medicíne. 64Cu sa javí ako významný rádionuklid, ktorý má potenciál si nájsť svoje uplatnenie v diagnostike ako aj v terapii. Avšak 64Cu musí byť do živého organizmu dopravená vo forme rádiofarmaka s cielenou biodistribúciou a dostatočnou in vivo stabilitou. Preto je často rozhodujúcou súčasťou celého rádiofarmaka polydentátny ligand, ktorý tvorí komplex s rádionuklidom medi. Tento prehľadový článok je venovaný najmä klasifikácii ligandov, ktoré dokážu tvoriť stabilné cheláty s 64Cu., x, Roman Staník, Jan Světlík, and Literatura
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
29928. Polygalacturonase gene expression and enzymatic activity in salivary glands of laboratory reared and wild populations of Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae)
- Creator:
- Fleming, Daniel, Krishnan, Natraj, and Musser, Fred
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, polokřídlí, klopuškovití, bavlna, genová exprese, slinné žlázy, Hemiptera, Miridae, cotton, gene expression, salivary glands, Lygus lineolaris, polygalacturonase, enzyme activity, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois, 1818) (tarnished plant bug) is a serious pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the Delta region as compared to cotton in the Hills region of the state of Mississippi in USA. The reason for this is unclear but it was hypothesized that the plant cell wall degrading polygalacturonase enzyme system in the salivary glands of L. lineolaris from the Delta could be better adapted for cotton, which is grown more predominantly in the Delta region than in the Hills region. Expression analysis of three primary polygalacturonase genes (LlPG1, LlPG2 and LlPG3) was conducted in laboratory reared and field collected populations of L. lineolaris. Assay of polygalacturonase enzyme activity was also conducted to compare wild collected populations. Initial laboratory and field data revealed gene expression differences in sex, age, region, and host plant which guided the direction of our subsequent study during 2013 and 2014. Based on the results of this study, we propose that the three genes studied may not be reflective of the entire polygalacturonase enzyme system and may not be solely responsible for the observed adaptation of L. lineolaris to cotton in the Delta region than in the Hills region. Analyses also revealed that the expression of the three targeted polygalacturonase genes was affected by the host plant from which the insects were collected and that adults had higher polygalacturonase expression than nymphs. Taken together, our results provide strong evidence for developmental stage specific and host plant based change in expression of PG genes in the salivary glands of L. lineolaris. This, however, was not reflected in total polygalacturonase enzyme activity which was not significantly different between regions, hosts, sex, or developmental stage., Daniel Fleming, Natraj Krishnan, Fred Musser., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29929. Polygenic hypercholesterolemia: examples of GWAS results and their replication in the Czech-Slavonic population
- Creator:
- Jaroslav Hubáček, Adamkova, V., Věra Lánská, and Dana Dlouhá
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, cholesterol, triglycerides, genome-wide association study, replication, slav, gene score, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Since 2007, the year of their first widespread use, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have become the “gold standard” for the detection of causal genes and polymorphisms in all fields of human medicine. Cardiovascular disease (CVD), one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality, is no except ion. The first GWAS focused on hypercholesterole mia and dyslipid emia as the major CVD determinants. GWAS confirm the importance of most of the previously identified genes (e.g. APOE, APOB, LDL-R) and recogni ze the importance of new genetic determinants (e.g. within the CILP2 or SORT1 gene clusters). Nevertheless, the results of GWAS still require confirmation by independent studies, as interethnic and interpopulation variability of SNP effects have been reported. We analy zed an association between eight variants within seven through GWAs detected loci and plasma lipid values in the Czech post -MONICA population sample (N= 2,559). We confirmed an association (all P<0.01) between plasma LDL-cholesterol values and variants within the CILP2 (rs16996148), SORT1 (rs646776), APOB (rs693), APOE (rs4420638) and LDL-R (rs6511720) genes in both males (N= 1,194) and females (N =1,368). In contrast, variants within the APOB (rs515135), PCSK9 (rs11206510) and HMGCoAR (rs12654264) genes did not significantly affect plasma lipid values in Czech males or females. Unweighted gene score values were linearly associated with LDL-cholesterol values both in males (P<0.0005) and females (P<0.00005). We confirmed the effects of some, but not all analyzed SNPs on LDL-cholesterol levels, reinforcing the necessity for replication studies of GWA-detected gene variants., J. A. Hubacek, V. Adamkova, V. Lanska, D. Dlouha., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29930. Polygons in Archaeology /
- Creator:
- Neustupný, Evžen,
- Type:
- text and studie
- Subject:
- Archeologie, archeologie, and archeologická metodologie a organizace, experimentální archeologie
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- unknown