Preamble 1.0 is a multilingual annotated corpus of the preamble of the EU REGULATION 2020/2092 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL. The corpus consists of four language versions of the preamble (Czech, English, French, Polish), each of them annotated with sentence subjects.
The data were annotated in the Brat tool (https://brat.nlplab.org/) and are distributed in the Brat native format, i.e. each annotated preamble is represented by the original plain text and a stand-off annotation file.
Interference způsobené hemolýzou, chylozitou a ikterickým zbarvením vzorku představují dlouhodobý problém, který ovlivňuje kvalitu výsledků vydávaných v klinické biochemii. V laboratoři s preanalytickou automatizací bylo nezbytné nahradit vizuální popisy vzorků měřením sérových indexů (SI). V této práci jsou uvedeny komentáře popisující interference vzorku generované na základě naměřených SI a hodnoty sérových indexů pro jednotlivé metody, které po překročení vedou k nevydání výsledku tak, jak se používají na Oddělení biochemie a hematologie ve Fakultní nemocnici Brno. Vliv interferencí je také demonstrován na vzorcích pacientů., Interference caused by hemolysis, turbidity of lipemia and bilirubinemia of the sample represents a long-term problem that affects the quality of results given in clinical biochemistry. It was necessary to replace visual qualification of specimens with serum index (SI) measurement in the laboratory with preanalytical automation. This work contains comments describing sample interference generated based on measured SI and the values of serum indexes for individual methods that, when exceeded, lead to results that are no longer released, as used in the Department of Biochemistry and Hematology at the Brno University hospital (FN Brno). The influence of interference is also demonstrated on patient samples., Beňovská M., Dastych M., Čermáková Z., Tůmová J., and Lit.: 4
Cíl. Zhodnotit zkušenosti s prebioptickou diagnostikou proliferační aktivity gliomů pomocí PET/CT s podáním 18F-fluorothymidinu. Metoda. Byl zhodnocen soubor 21 mozkových nádorů (u nemocných v průměrném věku 50,3 let v rozpětí 26-72 let), 18F-FLT-PET/CT bylo provedeno před stanovením patologicko-anatomické diagnózy. Byla porovnána úroveň akumulace 18F-FLT s proliferační aktivitou hodnocenou pomocí markeru Ki-67. Výsledky. Bylo dosaženo následujících výsledků - přesnost (acuracy) 90,4 % (19/21), senzitivita 90 % (9/10), specifkita 90,9 (10/11), pozitivní prediktivní hodnota 90 % (9/10) a negativní prediktivní hodnota 90,9 % (10/11). Závěr. 18F-FLT-PET/CT je vysoce spolehlivý test při prebioptickém hodnocení proliferační aktivity gliomů, vede k lepšímu cílení biopsie a k časnému nalezení maligního zvratu gliomů., Aim. To evaluate a value of the proliferation activity assessment in gliomas using PET/CT with the application of 18F-fiuorothymidine. Method. The sample of 21 tumors was analyzed (in patients with mean age 50.3, range 26-72 years), 18F-FLT-PET/CT was performed before confirmation of the histological diagnosis, and the level of 18 F-FLT accumulation was compared with the assessment of proliferation activity using immunohistochemistry evaluation of Ki-67. Results. Following results were reached accuracy 90.4% (19/21), sensitivity 90% (9/10), specificity 90.9 (10/11), positive predictive value 90% (9/10) and negative predictive value 90.9% (10/11). Conclusion. 18F-FLT-PET/CT is the valuable test to estimate the proliferation activity of gliom before biopsy, could leads to better targeting biopsy and early detection of malignant turnover of glioma., and Jiří Ferda, Eva Ferdova, Karel Mařík, Jan Mraček, Ondřej Hes
This paper provides a summary of the Geodetic Observatory Pecný achievements within the Centre for the Earth Dynamics Research (CEDR, 2005-2009) project in the field of precise near real-time GNSS analyses. The GOP data centre supporting our own near real-time activities as well as those of various other institutes has been enhanced by including GLONASS data, real-time GNSS data and some other supporting products. The ultra-rapid GNSS orbits are routinely determined and predicte dat GOP by analysing a global network of 60 stations. Significant improvements, which resulted in the fitted and predicted satellite positionrms of 4 and 10 cm, respectively, were achieved within the CEDR project. The GOP orbit product is updated every 6 hours and it routinely contributes to the International GNSS Service (IGS). Based on these predicted precise orbits, the GOP near real-time regiona l GNSS network solution is routinely provided for monitoring water vapour in the atmosphere. Resulting zenith troposphere delays achieved a standard deviation of 3-5 cm compared to precise EUREF post-processing results or a standard deviation of 1-2 mm when converted to precipitable water vapour and compared to a nearby radiosonde. The troposphere delays estimated in GOP are operationally used in the Numerical Weather Prediction., Jan Douša., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
At present, the supposed association between venous thromboembolism and atherosclerosis has yet to be proven. However, no data are available from patients with thrombophilias. We evaluated the association between preclinical atherosclerosis and prevalence of thromboembolic events in patients with thrombophilias. Presence of preclinical atherosclerosis in common carotid and femoral arteries measured by ultrasound was assessed by Belcaro score (based mainly on the presence of plaques) and by measurements of intima media thickness in the same location in 109 patients (43 men, mean age 41.5±13 years) with established thrombophilias. Other parameters under the study were age, presence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, anthropometric and clinical data including blood pressure measurements and medication. The differences between patients with (n=47) and without (n=62) thromboembolic events were assessed by paired t-test and chi square tests. In patients with a history of venous thromboembolism, body mass index and the prevalence of antihypertensive treatment (AT) were significantly higher than in patients without history of thromboembolism (BMI: 26.5±5.0 vs. 24.4±3.7 kg/m2; p=0.04, AT: 25.5 % vs. 8.1 %; p=0.013). No significant differences between groups were found regarding preclinical atherosclerosis. Overweight and hypertension, but not preclinical atherosclerosis, were more prevalent in patients with thrombophilias suffering from thromboembolism., O. Auzký ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
The class of pure submodules (P) and torsion-free images (R) of finite direct sums of submodules of the quotient field of an integral domain were first investigated by M. C. R. Butler for the ring of integers (1965). In this case P = R and short exact sequences of such modules are both prebalanced and precobalanced. This does not hold for integral domains in general. In this paper the notion of precobalanced sequences of modules is further investigated. It is shown that as in the case for abelian groups the exact sequence 0 → M → L → T → 0 with torsion T is precobalanced precisely when it is cobalanced and in this case will split if M is torsion-free of rank 1. It is demonstrated that containment relationships between P and R for a domain R are intimately related to the issue of when pure submodules of Butler modules are precobalanced. An analogous statement is made regarding the dual question of when torsion-free images of Butler modules are prebalanced.
Hypoventilation, as one of ventilatory disorders, decreases the electrical stability of the heart similarly as ischemia. If preconditioning by short cycles of ischemia has a cardioprotective effect against harmful influences of a prolonged ischemic period, then preconditioning by hypoventilation (HPC) can also have a similar effect. Anesthetized rats (ketamine 100 mg/kg + xylasine 15 mg/kg i.m., open chest experiments) were subjected to 20 min of hypoventilation followed by 20 min of reoxygenation (control group). The preconditioning (PC) was induced by one (1PC), two (2PC) or three (3PC) cycles of 5-min hypoventilation followed by 5-min reoxygenation. The electrical stability of the heart was measured by a ventricular arrhythmia threshold (VAT) tested by electrical stimulation of the right ventricle. Twenty-minute hypoventilation significantly decreased the VAT in the control and 1PC groups (p<0.05) and non-significantly in 2PC vs. the initial values. Reoxygenation reversed the VAT values to the initial level only in the control group. In 3PC, the VAT was increased from 2.32±0.69 mA to 4.25±1.31 mA. during hypoventilation (p<0.001) and to 4.37±1.99 mA during reoxygenation (p<0.001). It is concluded that cardioprotection against the hypoventilation/ reoxygenation-induced decrease of VAT proved to be effective only after three cycles of HPC., P. Švorc, I. Bračoková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
a1_A new concept of cardioprotection based on the exploitation of endogenous mechanisms is known as ischemic preconditioning (IPC). It has been hypothesized that substances released during brief ischemic stress (e.g. catecholamines) stimulate the receptors and trigger multiple cell signaling cascades. Opening of ATP-sensitive K+ channels [K(ATP)] has been suggested as a possible final step in the mechanisms of protection. In this study, the role of adrenergic activation was tested in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts subjected to test ischemia (TI; 30 min occlusion of LAD coronary artery) by: 1) mimicking IPC (5 min ischemia, 10 min reperfusion) with short-term (5 min) administration of norepinephrine (NE, 1 µM), 15 min prior to TI; 2) blockade with b- or a1-receptor antagonists, propranolol (10 µM) and prazosin (2 µM), respectively, applied 15 min prior to TI during IPC. The role of K(ATP) opening was examined by perfusion with a K(ATP) blocker glibenclamide (10 mM) during IPC. Both IPC and NE-induced PC effectively reduced the incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) to 33 % and 37 %, respectively, vs 100 % in the non-PC controls, whereby ventricular fibrillation (VF) was totally abolished by IPC and markedly suppressed by PC with NE (0 % and 10 %, respectively, vs 70 % in the non-PC hearts; P<0.05). The severity of arrhythmias (arrhythmia score, AS) was also markedly attenuated by both interventions (IPC: AS 1.7±0.4; NE-PC: AS 1.8±0.3 vs AS 4.1±0.2 in the controls; P<0.05). Protection was not suppressed by propranolol (VT 28 %; VF 14 %; AS 2.2±0.6), whereas prazosin reversed the protective effect of PC (VT 83 %; VF 67 %; AS 4.0±0.8). Antiarrhythmic protection afforded by NE-PC was abolished by pretreatment of rats with pertussis toxin (25 mg/kg, i.p.) given 48 h prior to the experiments., a2_Glibenclamide did not suppress the IPC-induced protection. In conclusion, the sensitivity of the rat heart to ischemic arrhythmias can be modulated by IPC. Protection is mediated via stimulation of a1-adrenergic receptors coupled with Gi-proteins but glibenclamide-sensitive K(ATP) channels do not appear to be involved in the mechanisms of antiarrhythmic protection in this model., T. Ravingerová, D. Pancza, A. Ziegelhoffer, J. Styk., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Our aim was to investigate whether hyperthermia before exercise protects against exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage. Two hyperthermia protocols were evaluated. In the first, male ICR mice were exposed to 30 min of whole-body heat in an environmental chamber at an ambient temperature of 42 °C. Heat-exposed and non-heat-exposed mice subsequently completed 60 min of downhill running on a treadmill, 24 h after exposure. Heat exposure significantly increased HSP70 and HSP25 content in the soleus muscle compared to controls. Plasma creatine kinase, muscle β-glucuronidase, and histochemical (hematoxylin and eosin stain) analysis demonstrated that muscle damage was lower in the heatexposed mice than in the non-heat-exposed mice. In the second, the effect of regional heating of the legs, by microwave diathermy, on the prevention of exercise-induced muscle damage was evaluated in male Wistar rats. Microwave-treated and nonmicrowave-treated rats again completed the running protocol 24 h after exposure. Microwave diathermy increased the muscle temperature to 40 °C, significantly increased HSP70 and HSP25 content in the soleus muscle, and significantly attenuated exercise-induced muscle damage. Therefore, hyperthermia before exercise increases skeletal muscle HSPs and attenuates the risk of exercise-induced muscle injury.
After ten years of experience, the authors present an overview of the possible clinical uses of precordial isopotential electrocardiographic mapping in patients with ischaemic heart disease. The resting Q wave and ST segment maps have most often been found useful in the early phases of myocardial infarction. They are a helpful tool for monitoring progression of the disease, the effect of drugs, or the therapeutic effect of fibrinolytic therapy, etc. R wave mapping provides an excellent opportunity for following up patients after orthotopic heart transplantation and monitoring cardiac rejection. Stress tests are usually performed under a workload; alternative loads may be mental, pharmacological, stimulation-induced or under hypoxaemic stress. To evaluate a test, resting values are compared with those obtained during exercise. It is mainly exercise ST segment maps which have proved to be most informative; their use in the chronic phase of ischaemic heart disease helps to make the diagnosis of coronary insufficiency more accurate. In clinical practice, stress tests are recommended mostly in the follow-up of drug therapy, monitoring of the therapeutic effect of cardiac surgery or coronary angioplasty.