Cíl studie: Perzistující foramen ovale (PFO) je velmi často doprovázeno neurologickými komplikacemi (migrénou), ale patofyziologie tohoto vztahu není dosud zcela vyjasněna. Jedna z hypotéz popisuje významnou roli serotoninu v patofyziologii neurologických komplikací. Serotonin může pravolevým zkratem přes PFO pronikat do arteriální krve a vyvolat migrenózní ataku. Cílem studie bylo potvrdit hypotézu, že 24 hodin po perkutánním uzávěru PFO klesají hladiny serotoninu v arteriální krvi. Materiál a metody: U 8 pacientů s PFO byly odebrány vzorky venózní a arteriální krve na stanovení serotoninu před operací, během operace a 24 hodin po operaci. Hladiny serotoninu u pacientů i v kontrolní skupině byly stanoveny pomocí enzymové imunoanalýzy (EIA, Immunotech). Výsledky: Byly stanoveny následující koncentrace serotoninu ve venózní a arteriální krvi (mean ± SD): kontrolní skupina 906 ± 229,4 nmol/l, venózní krev před operací: 126 ± 69,6 nmol/l, venózní krev odebraná z centrálního žilního katétru: 182 ± 59 nmol/l, venózní krev po operaci: 140 ± 40 nmol/l, arteriální krev před operací: 165± 25 nmol/l, arteriální krev během operace: 182 ± 44 nmol/l, arteriální krev po operaci: 130 ± 36 nmol/l. Závěr: Přímé stanovení hladin serotoninu u pacientů před perkutánním uzávěrem PFO a po něm je po eliminaci možných preanalytických chyb vhodným analytickým nástrojem pro studium změn serotoninu po uzávěru PFO. Výsledky ukazují pokles hladin arteriálního serotoninu během 24 hodin po operaci., Objective: Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been associated with improvement of migraine headache. Tissues-borne serotonin bypassing the metabolic active pulmonary circulation through the PFO is the proposed trigger of migraine attacks in susceptible patients. Therefore a hypothetical decrease of arterial serotonin levels after PFO closure might explain the migraine improvement. Aim of the study: Aim of the study was the investigation of suitability of direct serotonin assay in venous and arterial blood in patients undergoing percutaneous PFO closure for further studying the mechanism of migraine improvement after PFO closure. Materials and methods: Arterial and venous serum serotonin levels were investigated in eight patients undergoing correctional surgery operation. The samples were collected as follows: Venous and arterial blood before operation, arterial blood during operation, venous sample from right atrial central catheter and then peripheral venous and arterial sample 24 hours after the operation. Serotonin levels were investigated in control group of 6 healthy patients. Serotonin was measured by commercially available enzyme immunoassay (EIA, Immunotech). Results: The results (mean ± SD) were as follows: Control group: 906.0 ± 229.4 nmol/l, Venous blood before the operation: 126.0 ± 69.6 nmol/l, venous blood after the operation: 140 ± 40 nmol/l, arterial blood before the operation: 165± 25 nmol/l, arterial blood during operation: 182 ± 44 nmol/l, arterial blood after the operation: 130 ± 36 nmol/l. Conclusion: Direct assay of serotonin with commercially available EIA is suitable for studying changes of serotonin levels after PFO closure. Our preliminary results support the theory of the decrease of arterial blood levels of serotonin after PFO closure., Šramko M., Kotaška K., Veselka J., Linhartová K., Průša R., and Lit.: 14
The concept of a semiprime ideal in a poset is introduced. Characterizations of semiprime ideals in a poset P as well as characterizations of a semiprime ideal to be prime in P are obtained in terms of meet-irreducible elements of the lattice of ideals of P and in terms of maximality of ideals. Also, prime ideals in a poset are characterized.
Let $Q(u, v)$ be a positive definite binary quadratic form with arbitrary real coefficients. For large real $x$, one may ask for the number $B(x)$ of primitive lattice points (integer points $(m, n)$ with $\gcd (M,n) =1$) in the ellipse disc $Q(u, v)\le x$, in particular, for the remainder term $R(x)$ in the asymptotics for $B(x)$. While upper bounds for $R(x)$ depend on zero-free regions of the zeta-function, and thus, in most published results, on the Riemann Hypothesis, the present paper deals with a lower estimate. It is proved that the absolute value or $R(x)$ is, in integral mean, at least a positive constant $c$ time $x^{1/4}$. Furthermore, it is shown how to find an explicit value for $c$, for each specific given form $Q$.
Let G be a finite group and k a field of characteristic p > 0. In this paper, we obtain several equivalent conditions to determine whether the principal block B0 of a finite p-solvable group G is p-radical, which means that B0 has the property that e0(kP)G is semisimple as a kG-module, where P is a Sylow p-subgroup of G, kP is the trivial kP-module, (kP)G is the induced module, and e0 is the block idempotent of B0. We also give the complete classification of a finite p-solvable group G which has not more than three simple B0-modules where B0 is p-radical., Xiaohan Hu, Jiwen Zeng., and Obsahuje seznam literatury