Longer term monitoring of soil water content at a catchment scale is a key to understanding its dynamics, which can assist stakeholders in decision making processes, such as land use change or irrigation programs. Soil water monitoring in agriculturally dominated catchments can help in developing soil water retention measurements, for assessment of land use change, or adaptation of specific land management systems to climate change. The present study was carried out in the Pannonian region (Upper-Balaton, Hungary) on Cambisols and Calcisols between 2015 and 2021. Soil water content (SWC) dynamics were investigated under different land use types (vineyard, grassland, and forest) at three depths (15, 40, and 70 cm). The meteorological data show a continuous decrease in cumulative precipitation over time during the study with an average of 26% decrease observed between 2016 and 2020, while average air temperatures were similar for all the studied years. Corresponding to the lower precipitation amounts, a clear decrease in the average SWC was observed at all the land use sites, with 13.4%, 37.7%, and 29.3% lower average SWC for the grassland, forest, and vineyard sites, respectively, from 2016 to 2020 (measured at the 15 cm depth of the soil). Significant differences in SWC were observed between the annual and seasonal numbers within a given land use (p < 0.05). The lowest average SWC was observed at the grassland (11.7%) and the highest at the vineyard (28.3%). The data showed an increasing average soil temperature, with an average 6.3% higher value in 2020 compared to 2016. The grassland showed the highest (11.3 °C) and the forest soil the lowest (9.7 °C) average soil temperatures during the monitoring period. The grassland had the highest number of days with the SWC below the wilting point, while the forest had the highest number of days with the SWC optimal for the plants.
The paper deals with the effects of agricultural soils management on surface runoff in winter and early spring period. Cryogenic processes that take place in soils can cause temporary reduction of infiltration capacity of soil. In the periods of snow-thawing and rain these phenomena induce conditions promoting the occurrence of surface runoff and floods. Effects of agricultural soils management on surface runoffs were studied at the research station in BrnoKníničky, Czech Republic, from 1965 to 2002. The aim of this research was to find out the differences between the winter surface runoff from experimental plots under winter wheat crop sown after plowing and under perennial forage crops without tillage. On soils without plowing, the decrease of soil infiltration rate occurred faster and was more intensive than on loose soils. During ten winter periods the average surface runoff from perennial forages was significantly higher (2.05 times) than from wheat crop (runoff coefficients 0.239 vs. 0.489). and Příspěvek se zabývá hodnocením vlivu kultivace zemědělských půd na povrchové odtoky v zimním a předjarním období. Kryogenní procesy v půdách mohou způsobovat dočasnou redukci jejich infiltrační rychlosti. V obdobích tání sněhu a dešťů vytváří podmínky pro výskyt povrchového odtoku a povodní. V letech 1965-2002 byl sledován na výzkumné stanici v Brně-Kníničkách vliv kultivace zemědělských půd na povrchové odtoky. Cílem tohoto výzkumu bylo najít rozdíly mezi zimními povrchovými odtoky z pokusných ploch s ozimou pšenicí vysetou po orbě a s víceletými pícninami bez zpracovaní půdy. Na půdách bez orby došlo k redukci infiltrační rychlosti rychleji a tato redukce byla intenzivnější než na kyprých půdách po orbě. Během deseti hodnocených zimních období byl povrchový odtok z víceletých pícnin průkazně vyšší (2,05 krát) než z pšenice. Průměrný koeficient povrchového odtoku u ozimé pšenice dosáhl hodnoty 0,239 a u víceletých pícnin 0,489.