Cieľ: Výskum bol zameraný na identifikáciu drţania diéty u adolescentných respondentov a niektorých príčin jej drţania vo vzťahu k pohlaviu a veku. Metodika: Na získanie empirických dát boli pouţité vybrané poloţky sebaposudzovacieho meracieho nástroja s názvom Mapovanie stravovacích návykov medzi adolescentmi (The Project EAT Survey, Neumark- Sztainer et al.). Výskumnú vzorku tvorilo 387 adolescentných respondentov, toho času študentov prvých a štvrtých ročníkov stredných škôl. Výsledky: Podľa výsledkov výskumu ţeny častejšie drţia diéty (redukčné alebo pre jej udrţanie) či uţ v minulom roku (p = 0,002) aj v terajšej dobe (p = 0,000). Sú nespokojné so svojou hmotnosťou (p = 0,000) a postavou (p = 0,009). Respondenti vo veku 18 - 20 rokov uviedli, ţe si ich členovia rodiny doberali alebo si robili posmech z ich hmotnosti (p = 0,000). Vyššie percento ţien zaţilo negatívne hodnotenie ich hmotnosti zo strany členov rodiny (27,5 %) a vrstovníkov (33,5 %). Záver: Sestra v klinickej praxi môţe byť nápomocná pri identifikovaní drţania diét u adolescentov a jej príčin z hľadiska prevencie dopadu drţania diét na telesné a duševné zdravie adolescenta a pri realizácii uţ cielených intervencií, napr. edukácie v rámci takto obsahovo zameranej prevencie., Aim: The research was aimed at identifying dieting among adolescent respondents and some of the reasons for its keeping in relation to sex and age. Methods: For obtaining empirical data selected items of self-assessing measuring tool called Mapping dietary habits among adolescents were used (The Project EAT Survey, Neumark-Sztainer et al.). The research sample consisted of 387 adolescent respondents, previously high school students (of the first and fourth study year). Results: According to results of research women more frequently keep a diet (in order to lose weight or keep it the same) in last year (p = 0,002) as well as at present-day period (p = 0,000). They are not satisfied with their weight (p = 0,000) and figure (p = 0,009). Respondents aged 18-20 years reported that their family members have teased or made fun of their weight (p = 0,000). A higher percentage of women had experience a negative evaluation of their weight on the part of the family members (27,5 %) and peers (33,5 %). Conclusion: A nurse in clinical practice can be helpful in identifying dieting among adolescents and its causes in order to prevent the impact of diets on physical and mental health of adolescent and in the implementation of already targeted interventions, e.g. education in the context of the following content targeting prevention., Michaela Miertová, and Literatura 40
Liečiť alebo neliečiť dyslipidémie u seniorov? To je otázka. Je pravdepodobné, že v prítomnosti pokročilej aterosklerózy a cievnych kalcifikácií u starých pacientov bude hypolipemická liečba menej úspešná v primárnej aj sekundárnej prevencii kardiovaskulárnych ochorení. Na druhej strane, v tejto skupine pacientov klesá aj bezpečnosť hypolipemickej liečby. Tieto faktory prispievajú k modifikácii pomeru risk/ benefit farmaceutickej liečby dyslipidémií. Napriek výsledkom niektorých štúdií, ktoré spochybnili asociáciu medzi koncentráciami cholesterolu a kardiovaskulárnym rizikom v starobe, cholesterol zostáva významným, ovplyvniteľným rizikovým faktorom aj u pacientov nad 65 rokov, najmä po zohľadnení ďalších komorbidít. Narastajúce dáta, primárne aj sekundárne, v preventívne orientovaných štúdiách potvrdzujú benefit hypolipemickej liečby u vysokorizikových, starých pacientov. Všetci indikovaní pacienti v tejto vekovej skupine by mali byť liečení podľa najnovších odporúčaní medicíny založenej na dôkazoch., To treat or not to treat dyslipidemias in the eldery? That is the question. It is likely that lipid lowering therapy will be less successful in the primary as well as the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in the presence of advanced atherosclerosis and artery calcification in older patients. On the other hand, safety of lipid lowering therapy in this patient group becomes more problematic. These factors contribute to the modification of the risk/ benefit ratio of pharmaceutical lipid lowering therapy in this population. Even though the results of several studies challenged the association between cholesterol concentrations and cardiovascular risks in older patients, cholesterol remains an important modifiable risk factor in patients over 65 years of age, especially after adjusting for the presence of co/ morbidities. Growing evidence from studies focusing on primary as well as the secondary prevention confirms the benefit of treating high-risk older patients with lipid lowering drug therapy. Therefore, all patients in this age group for whom such treatment is indicated should be treated in accordance with the most current recommendations of the evidence-based medicine., Marek Pytliak, Viola Vargová, Viola Mechírová, Karim Benhatchi, and Lit.: 19
Accurate estimates of infiltration and groundwater recharge are critical for many hydrologic, agricultural and environmental applications. Anticipated climate change in many regions of the world, especially in tropical areas, is expected to increase the frequency of high-intensity, short-duration precipitation events, which in turn will affect the groundwater recharge rate. Estimates of recharge are often obtained using monthly or even annually averaged meteorological time series data. In this study we employed the HYDRUS-1D software package to assess the sensitivity of groundwater recharge calculations to using meteorological time series of different temporal resolutions (i.e., hourly, daily, weekly, monthly and yearly averaged precipitation and potential evaporation rates). Calculations were applied to three sites in Brazil having different climatological conditions: a tropical savanna (the Cerrado), a humid subtropical area (the temperate southern part of Brazil), and a very wet tropical area (Amazonia). To simplify our current analysis, we did not consider any land use effects by ignoring root water uptake. Temporal averaging of meteorological data was found to lead to significant bias in predictions of groundwater recharge, with much greater estimated recharge rates in case of very uneven temporal rainfall distributions during the year involving distinct wet and dry seasons. For example, at the Cerrado site, using daily averaged data produced recharge rates of up to 9 times greater than using yearly averaged data. In all cases, an increase in the time of averaging of meteorological data led to lower estimates of groundwater recharge, especially at sites having coarse-textured soils. Our results show that temporal averaging limits the ability of simulations to predict deep penetration of moisture in response to precipitation, so that water remains in the upper part of the vadose zone subject to upward flow and evaporation.