The article deals with the iconography of St. Augustine of Hippo in medieval Bohemian art up to the Hussite Wars. The text represents the first attempt of explaining the beginnings of the cult of St. Augustine in the 12th-century Bohemian Lands and also focuses on the oldest depictions of St. Augustine in illuminated Bohemian manuscripts and wall paintings until the year 1420. The paper provides some iconographic details while examining the most
relevant examples of the Bohemian depictions and also informs about the earliest examples and gradual dominance of the new iconographic type of St. Augustine as a bishop which replaced the older types of St. Augustine portrayed as an author or a monk.
This article covers the transformation of the ideal of a bishop and the bishop’s role during the Migration Period using the example of Gaul. Following a short description of the methodology, the ideal of the bishop in the period before the migration is discussed. The main aspects of the transformation of this ideal and the role of the bishop are then analysed, followed by any introductory analysis of the source materials where the developments in Gaul are compared with other regions, primarily North Africa. The specific development of the gallic episcopate and gallic society is finally evaluated using the German Bischofsherrschaft medieval studies concept.