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2. Edice korespondence Pražského lingvistického kroužku

Creator:
Havránková, Marie and Clarke, Melvyn
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
linguistics, linguists, Prague Linguistic Circle, Prague School, structuralism, and correspondence
Language:
Czech
Description:
Příspěvek pojednává o připravované edici Pražská škola v korespondenci, zahrnující dopisy adresované představitelům Pražského lingvistického kroužku B. Havránkovi, R. Jakobsonovi, J. Mukařovskému, V. Mathesiovi a B. Trnkovi z let 1923-1989. Dokumentární i objevný soubor představuje dopisy jednak od členů Ženevské a Kodaňské školy či plejády dalších evropských strukturalistů, jednak od českých vědců a osobností první i druhé strukturalistické generace působících v Praze., This paper deals with the forthcoming Prague School in Correspondence series, including letters addressed to representatives of the Prague Linguistic Circle, e.g. Bohuslav Havránek, Roman Jakobson, Jan Mukařovský, Vilém Mathesius and Bohumil Trnka from 1923 to 1989. This innovative documentary collection presents letters from members of the Geneva and Copenhagen schools and a pleiad of other European structuralists, as well as from Czech scholars and figures from the first and second structuralist generations working in Prague. (Translated by Melvyn Clarke.), and Překlad resumé: Melvyn Clarke
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

6. Genezis ukrajins'kych schidnoslobožans'kych hovirok: pryjomy doslidžennja

Creator:
Hluchovceva, Katerina Dmytrivna
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Ukrainian studies, linguistics, and dialects
Language:
Czech
Description:
The analysis of the dynamics of dialects and its close connection with the learning of their genesis, tightly linked up with their history, is considered in the article. The history of the dialect as the central object of the analysis of the dialect genesis gives the information about the ways of the society formation, making and type changing (transformation) of the conversation features, i.e. it is closely related to the external and internal history of the dialect. The facts of the external history are very important for understanding the general character of the dialect, including the information abour the presence or absence of its inhabitants´ contacts with other dialects representatives, which are recorded by historical sources. The internal history of the dialect is identified by the analysis of the information about the state of speaking from different chronological periods (if they are), new-made linguistic events, which record the dynamics ot the system - any synchronized event may be directed into diachrony. Written sources can´t record all the events of the conversation, so the facts from different chronological periods about definite events of the conversation are determined by the volume of the information. We can speak about two interconnected directions of dialect research. They are following: specific research of phonological, morphological, lexical or syntactical changes of dialect systems, and designing general directions of the dialect evolution.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

7. Gesture, language and affect: rousseau, condillac and their relevance for linguistic research today

Creator:
Fulka, Josef
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
gesto, osvícenství, lingvistika, gesture, enlightenment, linguistics, geneze jazyka, osvícenská filosofie, genesis of language, philosophy of the Enlightenment, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech
Description:
The aim of the present text is to consider 18th century language genealogies, as proposed by Rousseau and Condillac, in relation to the question of gesture and affectivity. For it seems that a certain form of affect - need in Condillac, passion in Rousseau - comes to play a central role in the speculations concerning the possible origin of human communication whose nature is invariably considered to be gestural as well as vocal. Our aim will be to show that the insights both thinkers present on the subject corresponds, quite remarkably, with certain findings of modern linguistics and psychology. It is, of course, impossible to treat the issue in all its complexity; all that we will attempt to do is concentrate on certain significant passages and pinpoint what we consider to be the most remarkable arguments., Josef Fulka., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

9. Hypotéza vymazávání stop a její platnost v češtině u pacientů s Brocovou afázií

Creator:
Hudousková, Andrea, Flanderková, Eva, Mertins, Barbara, and Tomšů, Kristýna
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
lingvistika, minimalismus (literatura), čeština, syntax, linguistics, minimalist theory (linguistic), Czech language, Brocova afázie, hypotéza vymazávání stop, Broca’s aphasia, Trace Deletion Hypothesis, 11, and 81
Language:
Czech
Description:
This paper presents and discusses the results of an experiment testing the validity of the Trace Deletion Hypothesis (Grodzinsky 1989, 2000) in Czech. The Trace Deletion Hypothesis (= TDH) was proposed to account for a receptive syntactic deficit in Broca’s aphasics that involves structures containing transformational operations such as the passive. According to the assumptions of the TDH, in passive constructions Broca’s aphasics fail to assign a semantic θ-role to the derived subject syntactically, so they assign it the Agent θ-role by linear consideration (Default Principle), which results in a structure with two potential Agents. This strategy is supposed to lead to the chance performance of Broca’s aphasics in these structures, as they are forced to guess the distribution of the Agent and the Patient θ-roles. The results of our experiment, however, do not support the TDH-proposal: out of the six tested subjects, only one performed at chance. The error rate for reversible passive structures in Czech was 33.34%, which corresponds to an above-chance performance. Given these results, the validity of the TDH is called into question, also with respect to the development of the generative theory itself., In diesem Artikel werden Ergebnisse eines Experiments präsentiert und diskutiert, in dem die Validität der sogenannten Spurentilgungshypothese (Trace Deletion Hypothesis – Grodzinsky, 1989, 2000) für das Tschechische überprüft wurde. Die Spurentilgungshypothese (= STH) wurde vorgeschlagen, um rezeptive syntaktische Defizite von Strukturen mit Transformationsoperationen (z. B. das Passiv) zu erklären, die bei Patienten mit Broca-Aphasie auftauchen. Beim Verständnis von Passivkonstruktionen misslingt den Broca-Aphasikern laut der STH die Zuordnung der semantischen θ-Rolle zum syntaktisch derivierten Subjekt. Stattdessen stützen sich die Broca-Aphasiker bei der Zuweisung der Agens θ-Rolle auf die lineare Abfolge der Satzglieder (Default Prinzip), was dazu führt, dass die Struktur aus Sicht der Aphasiker zwei potentielle Agens hat. Diese Strategie führt zu einer zufälligen Wahl, da Broca-Aphasiker die Verteilung zwischen den Agens und Patiens θ-Rollen raten müssen. Die Ergebnisse des hier vorgestellten Experiments unterstützen die Gültigkeit der STH-Hypothese nicht: Von sechs getesteten Probanden wies nur ein Proband eine zufällige Verteilung der semantischen Rollen auf. Die Fehlerrate für reversible Passivkonstruktionen im Tschechischen lag bei 33,34 % – dies entspricht einer überzufälligen Leistung der Probanden bezüglich der Zuordnung der semantischen θ-Rollen. Angesichts dieser Resultate muss die Validität der STH-Hypothese in Frage gestellt werden, und zwar auch im Hinblick auf die allgemeine Entwicklung der generativen Theorie., Andrea Hudousková, Eva Flanderková, Barbara Mertins, Kristýna Tomšů., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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