Das tschechische Adjektiv ryzí, ursprünglich 'rotbraun, fuchsrot', hat die Bedeutung 'pur, ohne Beimischung' (besonders von Gold) wahrscheinlich unter dem Einfluss der mitellateinischen Wortverbindung aurum obrissum/obrizum 'pures Gold' gewonnen; etymologisch unklares lat. Adjektiv obrissum wird nämlich durch Volksetymologie mit lat. russus 'rot' verbunden. Im gegenwärtigen Tschechischen hat Adj. ryzí die ursprüngliche Bedeutung 'rotbraun' ganz verloren.
Church Slavonic sanĭ, snŭ, sanŭ 'dragon (= devil)' is used in the translation of Isaiah´s Prophecy (Is 27,1) instead of Greek ofis 'snake'. In both cases these are substitutions of a taboo term for devil. And the word sanĭ, which is etymologically less clear, can be a shortened version of (due to de-tabooing) a taboo word sotona, satana 'adversary of God (= devil)'.
In the Middle Ages, Old Occitan (formerly "Old Provençal"), the language of the troubadours, was a literary and cultural language, the influence of which extended far beyond the frontiers of Southern France.
The only comprehensive portrayal of the Old Occitan vocabulary to have appeared up to now is the "Lexique roman" by François Raynouard (6 vols., 1836–1845). It was supplemented by Emil Levy’s "Provenzalisches Supplementwörterbuch" (8 vols., 1894–1924). An updated dictionary, taking account of progress in research over the last 100 years, has been the desideratum of literary scholars, linguists, and historians ever since.
Under the direction of Wolf-Dieter Stempel, the publication of a new dictionary of Old Occitan, the "Dictionnaire de l'occitan médiéval (DOM)", began in 1996. This appeared in print until 2013, directed from 2012 on by Maria Selig. Since then it has been available as an alphabetically complete digital dictionary, the "DOM en ligne". This comprises the newly written articles of the DOM together with the articles from the dictionaries of Raynouard and Levy for those parts of the alphabet not yet covered by the new work and is enriched by entries for words absent till now from Old Occitan lexicography.
Its content is available for free at https://dom-en-ligne.de/dom.php
This paper discusses the etymological nest of Dravidian and Altaic lexemes with the meaning “to bow, bend” and the terms for the “elbow,” “knee,” “ankle” as a dynamic etymological model. The lexemes have the general formal structure of the CVC- root with an initial dental (stop or nasal) and medial velars or labials. In the first section of the paper the verbs and some of their derivatives are listed and discussed also with regards to several overlapping etyma with different meanings. The second section sums up the terms for the body parts related etymologically to the respective verbs. In the conclusion select Altaic reconstructions are listed for comparison.
This paper discusses the etymological nest of Dravidian and Altaic lexemes with the meaning “to bow, bend, stoop, incline, curve. ” The paper is divided into two parts according to the formal structure of the root. The first part deals with etyma, whose roots have initial labial p-/b-/v-/m- (variants with initial n-!) in the CVC- root, medial velar stops, and nasals or nasal-stop groups. The second part adds the VC- roots, i.e. those in which the initial labial consonant is missing while the medial is a velar or labial consonant of the same structure (a stop, a nasal, or the respective nasal-stop group). It concludes with a note on the borrowings in IA related to this group of Dravidian lexemes.