Riečan [12] and Chovanec [1] investigated states in $MV$-algebras. Earlier, Riečan [11] had dealt with analogous ideas in $D$-posets. In the monograph of Riečan and Neubrunn [13] (Chapter 9) the notion of state is applied in the theory of probability on $MV$-algebras. We remark that a different definition of a state in an $MV$-algebra has been applied by Mundici [9], [10] (namely, the condition (iii) from Definition 1.1 above was not included in his definition of a state; in other words, only finite additivity was assumed). Below we work with the definition from [13]; but, in order to avoid terminological problems we use the term “state-homomorphism” (instead of “state”). The author is indebted to the referee for his suggestion concerning terminology. Let $\mathcal A$ be an $MV$-algebra which is defined on a set $A$ with $\mathop {\mathrm card}A>1$. In the present paper we show that there exists a one-to-one correspondence between the system of all state-homomorphisms on $\mathcal A$ and the system of all $\sigma $-closed maximal ideals of $\mathcal A$. For $MV$-algebras we apply the notation and the definitions as in Gluschankof [3]. The relations between $MV$-algebras and abelian lattice ordered groups (cf. Mundici [8]) are substantially used in the present paper.
In this paper the tools of pseudo-linear algebra are applied to the realization problem, allowing to unify the study of the continuous- and discrete-time nonlinear control systems under a single algebraic framework. The realization of nonlinear input-output equation, defined in terms of the pseudo-linear operator, in the classical state-space form is addressed by the polynomial approach in which the system is described by two polynomials from the non-commutative ring of skew polynomials. This allows to simplify the existing step-by-step algorithm-based solution. The paper presents explicit formulas to compute the differentials of the state coordinates directly from the polynomial description of the nonlinear system. The method is straight-forward and better suited for implementation in different computer algebra packages such as \textit{Mathematica} or \textit{Maple}.