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782. Interspike background activity in extracelullarly recorded purkinje neurons: spectral analysis
- Creator:
- Šaponjić, J., Ćulić, M., Janković, B., and Jovanović, A
- Format:
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, spektrální analýza, spectrum analysis, purkinje neurons, interspike backgound activity, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of this study was to investigate the spectral characteristics of Purkinje cell interspike background activity caused by the occurrence of particular action potentials or by electrically induced enhancement of cerebellar inhibitory and excitatory input drive. Spontaneously active Purkinje neurons were extracellularly recorded in anesthetized rats before and after cessation of stimulation from the inferior olive (IO) or locus coeruleus (LC). After A/D conversion (30 kHz), direct spectral analysis of extracted interspike background activity was done. Our results have shown that, in contrast to simple spikes, the occurrence of complex spikes induces changes in the spectra of interspike background activity. The different spectral changes of interspike background activity induced by LC and IO stimulation also indicated the importance of this extracellularly recorded phenomenon., J. Šaponjic, M. Culic, B. Jankovic, A Jovanovic., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
783. Interval versus continuous training with identical workload: physiological and aerobic capacity adaptations
- Creator:
- Araujo, G. G. de, Gobatto, C. A., Marcos-Pereira, M., Dos Reis, I. G. M., and Verlengia, R.
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, testosteron, výkon, testosterone, performance, anaerobic threshold, glycogen, corticosterone, biomarkers, endurance, intensity, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The interval model training has been more recommended to promote aerobic adaptations due to recovery period that enables the execution of elevated intensity and as consequence, higher workload in relation to continuous training. However, the physiological and aerobic capacity adaptations in interval training with identical workload to continuous are still uncertain. The purpose was to characterize the effects of chronic and acute biomarkers adaptations and aerobic capacity in interval and continuous protocols with equivalent load. Fifty Wistar rats were divided in three groups: Continuous training (GTC), interval training (GTI) and control (CG). The running training lasted 8 weeks (wk) and was based at Anaerobic Threshold (AT) velocity. GTI showed glycogen super-compensation (mg/100 mg) 48 h after training session in relation to CG and GTC (GTI red gastrocnemius (RG)=1.41±0.16; GTI white gastrocnemius (WG)=1.78±0.20; GTI soleus (S)=0.26±0.01; GTI liver (L)=2.72±0.36; GTC RG=0.42±0.17; GTC WG=0.54±0.22; GTC S=0.100±0.01; GTC L=1.12±0.24; CG RG=0.32±0.05; CG WG=0.65±0.17; CG S=0.14±0.01; CG L=2.28±0.33). The volume performed by GTI was higher than GTC. The aerobic capacity reduced 11 % after experimental period in GTC when compared to GTI, but this change was insignificant (19.6±5.4 m/min; 17.7±2.5 m/min, effect size = 0.59). Free fatty acids and glucose concentration did not show statistical differences among the groups. Corticosterone concentration increased in acute condition for GTI and GTC. Testosterone concentration reduced 71 % in GTC immediately after the exercise in comparison to CG. The GTI allowed positive adaptations when compared to GTC in relation to: glycogen super-compensation, training volume performed and anabolic condition. However, the GTI not improved the aerobic performance., G. G. de Araujo, C. A: Gobatto, M. Marcos-Pereira, I. G. M. Dos Reis, R: Verlengia., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
784. Intracerebroventricular injection of oxidant and antioxidant molecules affects long-term potentiation in urethane anaesthetized rats
- Creator:
- Viggiano, A., Viggiano, E., Monda, M., Ascione, S., Amaro, S., and de Luca, B.
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Experimentální medicína, fyziologie, experimentální medicína, anestezie, physiology, experimental medicine, anesthesia, oxidant molecules, antioxidant molecules, intracerebroventricular injection, long-term potentiation, urethane anesthesia, 14, and 616-092
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Production of superoxide anions in the incubation medium of hippocampal slices can induce long-term potentiation (LTP). Other reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide are able to modulate LTP and are likely to be involved in aging mechanisms. The present study explored whether intracerebro-ventricular (ICV) injection of oxidant or antioxidant molecules could affect LTP in vivo. With this aim in mind, field excitatory post-synaptic potentials (fEPSPs) elicited by stimulation of the perforant pathway were recorded in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation in urethane-anesthetized rats. N-acetyl-L-cysteine, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or hypoxanthine/xanthine-oxidase solution (a superoxide producing system) were administrated by ICV injection. The control was represented by a group injected with saline ICV. Ten minutes after the injection, LTP was induced in the granule cells of the dentate gyrus by high frequency stimulation of the perforant pathway. Neither the H2O2 injection or the N-acetyl-L-cysteine injection caused any variation in the fEPSP at the 10-min post-injection time point, whereas the superoxide generating system caused a significant increase in the fEPSP. Moreover, at 60 min after tetanic stimulation, all treatments attenuated LTP compared with the control group. These results show that ICV administration of oxidant or antioxidant molecules can modulate LTP in vivo in the dentate gyrus. Particularly, a superoxide producing system can induce potentiation of the synaptic response. Interestingly, ICV injection of oxidants or antioxidants prevented a full expression of LTP compared to the saline injection., A. Viggiano, E. Viggiano, M. Monda, A. Viggiano, S. Ascione, S. Amaro, B. de Luca., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
785. Intrapulmonary activation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2/angiotensin 1-7/G-protein-coupled Mas receptor axis attenuates pulmonary hypertension in Ren-2 transgenic rats exposed to chronic hypoxia
- Creator:
- Václav Hampl, Jan Herget, Jana Bíbová, Alena Baňasová, Zuzana Husková, Zdeňka Vaňourková, Jíchová, Š., Kujal, P., Zdenka Vernerová, Sadowski, J., and Luděk Červenka
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hypertenze, hypertension, hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, renin-angiotensin system, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The present study was performed to evaluate the role of intrapulmonary activity of the two axes of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS): vasoconstrictor angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/angiotensin II (ANG II)/ANG II type 1 receptor (AT 1 ) axis, and vasodilator ACE type 2 (ACE2)/angiotensin 1-7 (ANG 1-7)/ Mas receptor axis, in the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR). Transgene-negative Hannover Sprague-Dawley (HanSD) ra ts served as controls. Both TGR and HanSD rats responded to two weeks' exposure to hypoxia with a significant increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP), however, the increase was much less pronounced in the former. The attenuation of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in TGR as compared to HanSD rats was associated with inhibition of ACE gene expression and activity, inhibition of AT 1 receptor gene expression and suppression of ANG II levels in lung tissue. Simultaneously, there was an increase in lung ACE2 gene expression and activity and, in particular, ANG 1-7 concentrations and Mas receptor gene expression. We propose that a combination of su ppression of ACE/ANG II/AT 1 receptor axis and activation of ACE2/ANG 1-7/Mas receptor axis of the RAS in the lung tissue is the main mechanism explaining attenuation of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in TGR as compared with HanSD rats., V. Hampl, J. Herget, J. Bíbová, A. Baňasová, Z. Husková, Z. Vaňourková, Š. Jíchová, P. Kujal, Z. Vernerová, J. Sadowski, L. Červenka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
786. Intrarenal gene expression of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines in chronic proteinuric glomerulopathies
- Creator:
- Irena Brabcová, Kotsch, K., Petra Hřibová, Loužecká, A., Kateřina Bartošová, Hyklová, K., Lácha, J., Volk, H.-D., and Ondřej Viklický
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- Type:
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- Subject:
- Patologie. Klinická medicína, nefrologie, glomerulonefritida, proteinurie, genová exprese, nephrology, glomerulonephritis, proteinuria, gene expression, chemokiny, chemokines, 14, and 616
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Proteinuria has been recently shown to be an independent risk factor for the progression of chronic nephropathies, but the actual mechanisms by which urinary protein load damages renal tissue in humans remain unsolved. Using real-time RT-PCR method we evaluated intrarenal mRNA expression of various cytokines and chemokines in patients with biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy (IgAN, n=11), membranous nephropathy (MN, n=6) and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS, n=6) who exhibited proteinuria over 0.5 g/day. There was a significant positive correlation between the proteinuria extent and the intrarenal RANTES (regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) mRNA expression in patients with IgAN, a similar trend was also observed in patients with MN and FSGS. There were no clear relationships between the proteinuria and intrarenal mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor α, transforming growth factor β1 and monocyte chemoattractant peptide-1. There were no differences in the pattern of cytokine mRNA expression between different glomerulopathies. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that lymphocytes, macrophages and their products provoke tissue in jury in response to proteinuria independently of the nature of renal diseases in man., I. Brabcová, K. Kotsch, P. Hřibová, A. Loužecká, K. Bartošová, K. Hyklová, J. Lácha, H.-D. Volk, O. Viklický., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
787. Intrauterine undernutrition and programming as a new risk of cardiovascular disease in later life
- Creator:
- Peter Szitányi, Janda, J., and Rudolf Poledne
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, programování, ateroskleróza, kardiovaskulární nemoci, programming, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, intrauterine undernutrition, low birth weight, risk factors of cardiovascular disease, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- It is believed that atherogenesis is a multifactorial process, which could already start in utero. Development of atherosclerosis progresses over decades and leads to the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adulthood. At present, we have no exact explanation for all the risk factors acting in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This review should provide an overview about the possible role of intrauterine undernutrition in the development of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Intrauterine undernutrition leads to changes in fetal growth and metabolism and programs later development of some of these risk factors. A number of experimental and human studies indicates that hypertension as well as impaired cholesterol and glucose metabolism are affected by intrauterine growth. Intrauterine undernutrition plays an important role and acts synergistically with numerous genetic and environmental factors in the development of atherosclerosis. There is evidence that undernutrition of the fetus has permanent effects on the health status of human individuals., P. Szitányi, J. Janda, R. Poledne., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
788. Intraventricular pressure gradients in heart failure
- Creator:
- Guerra, M., Brás-Silva, C., Amorim, M. J., Moura, C., Bastos, P., and Leite-Moreira, A. F.
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, srdeční selhání, heart failure, intraventricular, gradients, diastole, systole, myocardial segments, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- M. Guerra ... [et al.]. and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
789. Introduction
- Creator:
- Zuzana Červinková and Jakub Otáhal
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Zuzana Červinková, Jakub Otáhal.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
790. Introduction
- Creator:
- Marie Nováková and Pavel Bravený
- Format:
- Type:
- article, úvodníky, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, odborné časopisy, physiology, professional journals, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Marie Nováková, Pavel Bravený.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public