V tomto článku je nastíněn základní úvod do problematiky biotransformace a jejich možných negativních důsledků. V textu jsou popsány tři fáze biotransformace a u každé z nich případ, se kterým se čtenář ve svém životě může setkat. Dále je zde jednoduchým způsobem vysvětlena nomenklatura biotransformačních enzymů a transportérů a článek tak celkově poskytuje základní povědomí o komplexnosti biotransformace., This article outlines a basic introduction to the topic of biotransformation and its possible negative consequences. The text describes three phases of biotransformation and each is presented in an example which the reader may encounter in everyday life. Furthermore, in a simple way, the nomenclature of biotransformation enzymes and transporters is explained and thus the paper provides a basic understanding of the complexity of biotransformation., and Ondřej Ženata.
The use of black leaf-clips for dark adaptation under high solar radiation conditions is reported to underestimate the maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) measured by the continuous-excitation fluorometer Pocket PEA. The decrease in Fv/Fm was due to a rise in minimum fluorescence emission (F0), probably resulting from increased leaf temperature (Tl). In
field-grown tomato and pepper, fluorescence parameters and Tl in the region covered by the black leaf clip were measured in clipped leaves exposed to solar radiation during dark adaptation (clipped-only leaves) and in clipped leaves protected from solar radiation by aluminium foil (shrouded clipped leaves). Results confirmed significant Fv/Fm underestimates in clipped-only leaves primarily due to increased F0. In one tomato experiment, Tl increased from 30 to 44.5°C in clipped-only leaves, with a negligible rise in shrouded clipped leaves. In two respective pepper experiments, Tl in clipped-only leaves increased from 27 to 36.2°C and 33 to 40.9°C. Based on the results of this study, a clip-effect parameter (PCE) on fluorescence emission is proposed as the difference for Fv/Fm (or -F0/Fm) between shrouded clipped leaves and clipped-only leaves, which resulted to be 0.706 for tomato, and 0.241 and 0.358 for the two pepper experiments., P. Giorio ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii