The large compendium titled Die österreichisch-ungarische Monarchie in Wort und Bild contains two volumes devoted to Bohemia (1894 and 1896) and one volume devoted to Moravia and Silesia (1897). Chapters on folk culture are accompanied by a plethora of pictures, a significant number of which depict rural residents wearing traditional dress. However, the informative value of illustrations depicting folk costumes from Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia as a source for ethnological research is limited. The unbalanced selection of examples from individual regions is problematic. Understandably, a great emphasis was placed on the German ethnic group, but even ethnographic regions inhabited by Czech population are not represented proportionally to the preservation of traditional culture, so the resulting visual perception does not even correspond to the reality in the late nineteenth century. Czech painters were addressed to illustrate two volumes about Bohemia, but the Moravia and Silesia volume was illustrated almost exclusively by artists with ties to the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts, where they studied or taught, and to the imperial court. However, not only Viennese, but even all Czech painters had no direct experience with the folk culture in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. They worked according to supplied photographs, the availability of which eventually influenced the choice of illustrations. The successful level of both the drawing and painting templates and their xylographic treatments posed a positive aspect. And what is essential - the comparison with the traced model photographs confirms their basically faithful interpretation. Even so, the ethnologist cannot underestimate the critical insight into the documentary value of the illustrations accompanying the admirably monumental work Die österreichisch-ungarische Monarchie in Wort und Bild, named Kronprinzenwerk after its initiator and partly co-author, Crown Prince Rudolf.
The paper examines the identification, distribution, chronology and interpretation of Roman-Provincial rimmed storage vessels, which were among the Roman imports to the area north of the Danube in the 2nd century and the first half of the 3rd century. The spread of Roman coarse ware storage vessels occurred in the second half of the 2nd century. These are mainly found in Elbe-Germanic settlements (usually in sunken huts) in southern Moravia and south-western Slovakia. Some were quite voluminous (e.g. the storage vessels from Jevíčko and Křepice were up to 50 litres) and probably contained a variety of plant or animal foodstuff (e.g. seafood, exotic fruits, and various fermented or chilled foodstuffs).
The study follows the lives of top state administrative representatives in Moravia who were affected by the fall of the Habsburg monarchy and the formation of Czechoslovakia. The new state adopted the state administration and administrative workers of the Habsburg monarchy. The rate of continuity of the administrative staff was relatively high; however, the demise of the monarchy still influenced the lives of many employees in the state administration. German nationals were hit hardest, and were often forced to cede important positions to new Czech office holders. The replacement of the last Moravian governor Karl Heinold by Jan Černý is one example - the tale of the dusk of one top official and the dawn of another. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
The topic of this article is the engagement of Lipolt Krajíř of Kraig († 1433) in the Hussite wars. Krajíř was among the innumerable members of Sigismund of Luxembourg’s retinue who actively fought the Hussites in three central European lands. Lipolt’s importance within the Catholic party is especially proven by the fact that he was transferred—by Sigismund of Luxembourg and then by the Austrian Duke and Moravian Margrave Albert II of Habsburg—to places which were long threatened by the Hussites (České Budějovice) or actually under attack by them (Moravia, Austria).
The author deals with Baroque pilgrimages to Styrian Mariazell where people searched for help and solace, or they came there with gratitude for grace received from heaven. The information is drawn from surviving archival sources of both printed and written nature; these include pilgrim handbooks, books of miracles, and the direct testimony of a participant (celfotr) from the South Moravian town of Znojmo. The study focusses on the pilgrim and his or her duties associated with the preparation for the pilgrimage, such as providing for the farm and arranging money for the journey, but spiritual preparation was also important. The journey itself and the activities associated with the pilgrimage practice are also reflected. The main purpose of the journey was to see the object of reverence, the marvellous statue of the Virgin Mary; this was accompanied by ritualised acts, but the pilgrimage also had a completely secular aspect, such as purchase of various devotionals related to the pilgrimage site. The return journey did not have as strict rules as the journey to the pilgrimage site, but there are also interesting elements, e. g. the regular visit to Maria Taferl, another important Marian pilgrimage site in Lower Austria. Pilgrimages of Moravian inhabitants to Mariazell are observed in the period of the greatest flowering of this phenomenon in the first two thirds of the 18th century, but for capacity reasons the author does not take into account essential changes concerning Baroque religiosity that took place in the last third of the 18th century.
Im Komplex der volkstümlichen Bekleidung in Mähren hat sich ziemlich lange ein altertümlicher Kleidungsbestandteil erhalten, der seine Parallelen bei allen Völkern der nördlichen Zone hat, die zur Anfertigung der Bekleidung Pelze verwenden. Dieses Bekleidungsstück entstand aus zwei über die Schultern geworfenen Häuten; es ist also eigentlich der Typ eines Ponchos und hat deshalb eine Schulternaht, weil das verwendete Material mit seiner Dimension zum Schutz vor der Kälte nicht ausreichen würde. In diesem Stadium ist es dem Schlechtwetterumwurf nahe verwandt, dem sog. Kotzen aus grobem Wollstoff (Lodenstoff), wie er in Oberösterreich und Tirol getragen wird. Da die Lederstücke verhältnismässig schmal waren, kam es notgedrungen zu ihrer Vernähung an den Seiten. So entstand eine lange ärmellose Pelzweste, was wahrscheinlich die ursprüngliche Form des Streifenpelzes ist, der bei uns noch im ausgehenden 18. Jahrhundert auf einem alten Votivbild aus der Kirche in Příbor belegt ist. Die endgültige Form, wie sie aus zahlreichen, vor allem ikonographischen Belegen aus der Haná aus dem 18. Jahrhundert bekannt ist, wurde derart gestaltet, dass man an die Weste Ärmel, gleichfalls aus Pelz, anfügte. Dieser Pelz stand in der Entstehung und im Typ einem Hemd nahe, als welches er auch von den Informatoren charakterisiert wird. Im gleichen Masse, wie dieses Kleidungsstück für kühle Witterung geeignet war, war es unpraktisch zum Anziehen. Wegen seines anliegenden Charakters konnte man es ohne Hilfe von aussen weder aus- noch anziehen. Bei den Westen sowie auch bei den Pelzen wurde der natürlich zipfelarlige Unterteil des Pelzes durch ein Zuschneiden vorn und hinten hervorgehoben, in älterer Zeit auch noch an den Hüften. Dies hatte nicht nur Zierbedeutung, sondern verfolgte auch praktische Zwecke. Die Chronologie der Berichte über das Vorkommen und das Verschwinden hängt mit der geographischen Verbreitung des Streifenpelzes zusammen. Wenig bekannt sind konographische Quellen aus dem südlichen Teil Mittelmährens, die zu den ältesten gehören, wenngleich sie erst aus dem 18. Jahrhundert stammen., So wird unter den Siegeln von Gemeinden im Gebiet von Moravský Krumlov auch des Siegel des Dorfes Tulešice mit dem Datum aus dem Jahre 1709 angeführt, auf dem deutlich ein Bauer in einem Streifenpelz ¨veranschaulich ist. Aus dem Ende der ersten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts stammt ein Bild der Stadt Brno zur Zeit der Fronleichnamsprozession von Korrompay. Unter den Zuschauern befindet sich auch ein kniender Bauer aus der Umgebung von Brno, der einen realistisch veranschaulichten Streifenpelz trägt. Etwas jünger ist die Krippenfigur aus der Minoritenkirche in Brno. Bald nachher verschwindet dieser Pelz aus der Tracht der Landbevölkerung um Brno. Aus dem J. 1800 stammt ein Archivbericht aus Velké Němčíce im südlichen Teil des Bezirkes Židlochovice. Je weiter man von Brno gegen Osten geht, desto länger erhielt sich dieses Kleidungsstück. Hier bilden die Gegenden um Vyškov, Bučovice, Ždánice und der nördliche Teil des Bezirks Kyjov einen einheitlichen Komplex. Für das Gebiet um Vyškov und Bučovice sprechen hinsichtilch des Streifenpelzes Malereien auf Fayencestücken, die ihre Inspiration durch Beobachtung der Umgebung gewannen. Ferner ist ein Bericht aus Kožušice (Bez. Bučovice) aus dem J.1900 wertvoll, der sich wahrscheinlich auf die Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts bezieht. Auch können Berichte von Lehrern aus Věteřov und Stražovice aus dem J. 1893 Bezug auf diese Jahre haben. Die Bürstenbinder aus Ježov im nördlichen Teil des Bezirkes Kyjov trugen Streifenpelze noch um das J. 1860. In vielen Gemeinden ist dieser Pelz längst verschwunden, aber die Informatoren behalten die Vorstellung vom schwierigen Anziehen sowie die Bezeichnung des Kleidungsstückes noch immer im Bewusstsein., and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát
The Tovačov lawbook is one of the most important sources of the Moravian provincial law in the 15th and 16th century. It has never been printed but it was spread only by numerous manuscripts. This lawbook was published in two editions in 1858 and 1868. Legal historian F. Čáda made an analysis of manuscripts in the end of 1960s. A newly discovered manuscript (Moravian Land Archive Brno) belongs to the oldest manuscripts layer. It is a part of convolute together with prints of Moravian Provincial Code of 1516 and Bohemian Vladislaus Provincial Code of 1500. New manuscript belongs to the Olomouc group of manuscripts of Tovačov lawbook and it is analysed in the context of other known manuscripts.
The presented article examines the early medieval settlement in Brno- -Medlánky. The archaeological finds were evaluated to obtain settlement spatial development and to reveal the practical, social and natural dimension of the settlement after the synthesis of the evidence. The relevance of the site in relation to early medieval Brno was also considered. The large quantity of ceramics, which was essential for this research, was processed using the database of J. Macháček. This enabled me to date the settlement between the 6th/7th to the 9th/10th century and, based on quantification, to characterise the morphological and technological features of the complex. The archaeological material was also compared with the material from other similar sites. The results of this analysis were acquired from data in the graphs, figures and quantification tables. The other findings were processed using descriptive models. Scientific analyses have proven the presence of blacksmithing and iron metallurgy at the site. Agricultural activities and processing of leather and textile were also documented at the site. The typical cumulative structure was evaluated within the framework of spatial analyses, together with the form and spatial development of the settlement. Moreover, the article deals with the complete skeletons of two dogs and one horse, and the human skeleton found in a storage pit. The complete animal skeletons were probably deposited for hygienic reasons; the human skeleton possibly proves an execution.
The present study evaluates the medieval component of a rescue excavation carried out in the outer bailey of Tepenec Castle in 1971–1975. The castle, built during the 1330s–40s, ceased to exist due to war events in the early 15th century. A trench intersected the whole area of the fortified complex transversely from the northwest to the southeast (855 sqm). Two remnants of buildings dated to the High Middle Ages were partially examined. An assemblage of pottery and metal finds makes it possible to date both structures – mainly to the second half of the 14th and the early 15th centuries. The built-up area of the outer bailey cannot be considered a lower castle town but rather the so-called “latrán”.