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92. New species of Rhabdias (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) from Afrotropical anurans, including molecular evidence and notes on biology
- Creator:
- Junker, Kerstin, Lhermitte-Vallarino, Nathaly, Barbuto, Michela, Ineich, Ivan, Wanji, Samuel, and Bain, Odile
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- parasitic nematodes, Rhabdias, molecular characterisation, taxonomy, anurans, Amietophrynus, Astylosternus, Boophis, Leptopelis, and Afrotropical region
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Despite the small sample size the diversity of Rhabdias Stiles et Hassall, 1905 from anurans in the Afrotropical region was found to be high. Four species were collected from four localities, one in South Africa, two on Cameroonese mountains and one in Madagascar: Rhabdias picardiae sp. n. from the bufonid Amietophrynus gutturalis (Power); Rhabdias ohlerae sp. n. and Rhabdias tanyai sp. n. from the arthroleptids Leptopelis brevirostris (Werner) and Astylosternus rheophilus Amiet, respectively; and Rhabdias vencesi sp. n. from the mantellid Boophis madagascariensis (Peters). Distinctive characters between these species are numerous and obvious, based on body size, shape and size of the buccal capsule, arrangement of head papillae, and shape and size of the oesophagus and intestinal apex. Molecular data based on 500 bp of 12S rDNA and 600 bp of coxI of three of the four species are presented. Rhabdias vencesi resembles Rhabdias madagascariensis Chabaud, Brygoo et Petter, 1961 from an African ptychadenid introduced on Madagascar, but differs in body size and head morphology. The remaining new species are clearly distinct from those previously known from Afrotropical anurans. Outside the Afrotropics, some Rhabdias species present characters similar to those observed in the new species, but they all differ in various other characters. No clear correlation was seen between Rhabdias species and families of anuran hosts in this region. However, the narrow buccal capsule seen in Rhabdias species from Afrotropical lissamphibians opposes them to the majority of Rhabdias parasitic in chamaeleonids. Furthermore, the infective larva of R. vencesi has a conical pointed tail, while those of Rhabdias from chameleons have a rounded tail tip ornated with a few buds.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
93. Notes on the distribution and taxonomic status of Gobio gobio from the Morača River basin (Montenegro)
- Creator:
- Šanda, Radek, Lusková, Věra, Vukić, Jasna, and Lusk, Stanislav
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- common gudgeon, distribution, taxonomy, Adriatic Sea drainage, and Zeta River
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The occurrence of common gudgeon in the River Morača drainage of southern Montenegro was investigated. Low numbers of specimens were recorded in four out of five localities investigated on the Zeta River and at a single locality on the lower part of the River Morača. Allozyme analysis revealed that the specimens examined belong to the species Gobio gobio (Linnaeus, 1758). The lower number of lateral line scales in common gudgeon from the Ohrid-Drim-Skadar system, as compared with other European populations, probably indicates clinal variability. The results also demonstrate that the subspecies Gobio gobio ohridanus Karaman, 1924 is not a valid taxon.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
94. Nybelinia queenslandensis sp. n. (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) parasitic in Carcharhinus melanopterus, from Australia, with observations on the fine structure of the scolex including the rhyncheal system
- Creator:
- Jones, Malcolm K. and Beveridge, Ian
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Cestoda, Trypanorhyncha, Tenlaculariidae, Nybelinia, morphology, scolex, ultrastructure, tentacles, and taxonomy
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A new species of Nybelinia Poche, 1926, N. queenslandensis sp. n. (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) is described from sharks, Carcharhinus melanopterus (Quoy et Gaimard, 1824) from the coast of northeastern Queensland, Australia. Morphological features of the 46 known species of Nybelinia Poche, 1926 are tabulated and the new species is differentiated from all known taxa that are adequately described on the basis of having a homcomorphous armature, metabasal hooks 20-25 pm long, tentacles 0.07-0.09 mm in diameter, short bulbs (0.38-0.45 mm) and craspedote segments with the testes encircling the female genital complex. The fine structure of the scolex microtriches, frontal and rhynchodeal glands, tentacles and hooks, sheath and retractor muscle is described and compared with that of other trypanorhynchs.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
95. Ophidascaris wangi sp. n. and O. najae (Gedoelst, 1916) (Ascaridida: Ascaridoidea) from snakes in China
- Creator:
- Li, Liang, Guo, Yan-Ning, Li, Jian, and Zhang, Lu-Ping
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Ascarididae, Nematoda, Elaphe carinata, morphology, taxonomy, and Ophiophagus hannah
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Ophidascaris wangi sp. n. collected from the king rat snake Elaphe carinata (Günther) (Serpentes: Colubridae) in China is described using both light and scanning electron microscopy. The new species differs from its congeners in the presence of narrow lateral alae originating a short distance posterior to the base of the ventrolateral lips, its relatively long oesophagus (3.57-4.54 mm long, representing 6.6-7.6% of body length), its short spicules (1.89-2.14 mm long, representing 3.9-4.3% of body length), the number and arrangement of caudal papillae (49-57 pairs in total, arranged as follows: 43-51 pairs precloacal, 2 pairs joined paracloacal and 4 pairs postcloacal), the presence of a particular papilliform medioventral, postcloacal ornamentation and the morphology of the eggs and tip of the female tail. In addition, Ophidascaris najae (Gedoelst, 1916), collected from the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah Cantor (Serpentes: Elapidae) in China, is also redescribed. The morphology of the cervical papillae, labial denticles and phasmids of the female is described for the first time.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
96. Patterns in fluorescence over a Caribbean reef slope: the coral genus Madracis
- Creator:
- Vermeij, M. J. A., Delvoye, L., Nieuwland, G., and Bak, R. P. M.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Agaricia, chlorophyll, colourmorph, Montastraea, radiation wavelength, species differences, and taxonomy
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Patterns of fluorescence and colony tissue, colour were studied (field observations and epifluorescence microscopy) in six species of the coral genus Madracis over depth from 10 to 60 m at a reef slope in Curaçao. Two functions showed up: (1) Decrease in number of colourmorphs (n = 25) with depth suggests a photo-protective function where short wavelengths (e.g. UV) are transformed to long wavelengths, (2) Green fluorescence, observed in four species over their entire depth range, transforms radiation to wavelengths useful for photosynthesis. The observed patterns in fluorescence between species did not correspond to the current taxonomic classification. Our results do not support the usefulness of fluorescence as a taxonomic tool in corals. and M. J. A. Vermeij ... [et al.].
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
97. Philometrid nematodes (Philometridae) from marine fishes off the northern coast of Australia, including three new species
- Creator:
- Moravec, František and Diggles, Ben K.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- taxonomy, diversity, endoparasites, fish host, fish parasites, Nematoda, Philometra, Philometroides, and Spirophilometra
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Based on light and scanning electron microscopical studies, the following nine species of Philometridae (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) are described from female worms parasitizing marine perciform fishes belonging to six families off the northern coast Australia (near Darwin): Philometra australiensis sp. n. from the swimbladder of the king threadfin Polydactylus macrochir (Günther) (Polynemidae); P. epinepheli Dewi et Palm, 2013 from the operculum of the orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton) (Serranidae); Philometra johnii Moravec et Ali, 2013 from the gonad of the croaker Johnius sp. (Sciaenidae); P. macrochiri sp. n. from the sensory fin of P. macrochir; P. zabidii sp. n. from the ovary of the ninespine batfish Zabidius novemaculeatus (McCulloch) (Ephippidae); Philometra sp. 1 and Philometra sp. 2 from the ovary of the Spanish flag snapper Lutjanus carponotatus (Richardson) (Lutjanidae) and the silver grunt Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål) (Haemulidae), respectively; Philometroides eleutheronemae Moravec et Manoharan, 2013 from the ovary of the fourfinger threadfin Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Shaw) (Polynemidae); and Spirophilometra endangae Dewi et Palm, 2013 from the pectoral fins of E. coioides. The new species P. australiensis is characterized mainly by the structure of the cephalic end, 14 minute cephalic papillae, absence of caudal projections and body length of gravid female (67 mm), P. macrochiri by the presence of a conspicuously large anterior oesophageal bulb, 14 very small cephalic papillae and the truncated posterior end of body without any caudal projections, whereas P. zabidii is characterized by the presence of distinct caudal projections, the number (14) and larger size and arrangement of cephalic papillae, a poorly developed anterior oesophageal inflation, the body length (114 mm) and the host family (Ephippidae). All above-mentioned species were recorded from Australian waters for the first time.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
98. Phylogenetic relationships and systematic position of the families Cortrematidae and Phaneropsolidae (Platyhelminthes: Digenea)
- Creator:
- Kanarek, Gerard, Zaleśny, Grzegorz, Sitko, Jiljí, and Tkach, Vasyl V.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Trematoda, Plagiorchiida, Microphalloidea, Cortrema, 28S rDNA, molecular phylogeny, and taxonomy
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The systematic position and phylogenetic relationships of the family Cortrematidae Yamaguti, 1958 have always been controversial. In the present study, the phylogenetic relationships of this family and its constituent genera and families within the superfamily Microphalloidea were evaluated using previously published and newly obtained sequences of 28S rDNA of Cortrema magnicaudata (Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya, 1950) (Cortrematidae), Phaneropsolus praomydis Baer, 1971 and Microtrema barusi Sitko, 2013 (Phaneropsolidae). Results clearly demonstrate that the genus Cortrema Tang, 1951 is closest to Gyrabascus Macy 1935, both genera forming one of the clades within the family Pleurogenidae in the superfamily Microphalloidea and sharing several important morphological features. Thus, the family Cortrematidae should be considered among synonyms of the Pleurogenidae. Based on the analysis of morphology, C. corti Tang, 1951, C. testilobata (Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya, 1953) and C. niloticus Ashour, Ahmed et Lewis, 1994 are considered junior synonyms of C. magnicaudata. The phylogenetic position of P. praomydis as a family-level branch not showing close relationships with other families of the Microphalloidea, supports the status of the Phaneropsolidae as an independent family. The genus Parabascus Looss, 1907 previously considered within the Phaneropsolidae clearly belongs to the Pleurogenidae. In addition, the molecular phylogeny has demonstrated that the recently described phaneropsolid Microtrema barusi belongs to the microphallid genus Microphallus Ward, 1901. Therefore, Microtrema Sitko, 2013 is considered a junior synonym of Microphallus. Our analysis has also confirmed the status of Collyriclidae as a family within the Microphalloidea. Not yet sequenced representatives of other families within the Microphalloidea (e.g. Anenterotrematidae, Eumegacetidae, Renschtrematidae, Stomylotrematidae, etc.) need to be included in future molecular phylogenetic studies to better unravel the taxonomic structure and content of this diverse digenean superfamily.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
99. Phylogenetic relationships of some spirurine nematodes (Nematoda: Chromadorea: Rhabditida: Spirurina) parasitic in fishes inferred from SSU rRNA gene sequences
- Creator:
- Černotíková, Eva, Horák, Aleš, and Moravec, František
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Nematoda, Spirurina, SSU rRNA, phylogeny, and taxonomy
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Small subunit rRNA sequences were obtained from 38 representatives mainly of the nematode orders Spirurida (Camallanidae, Cystidicolidae, Daniconematidae, Philometridae, Physalopteridae, Rhabdochonidae, Skrjabillanidae) and, in part, Ascaridida (Anisakidae, Cucullanidae, Quimperiidae). The examined nematodes are predominantly parasites of fishes. Their analyses provided well-supported trees allowing the study of phylogenetic relationships among some spirurine nematodes. The present results support the placement of Cucullanidae at the base of the suborder Spirurina and, based on the position of the genus Philonema (subfamily Philoneminae) forming a sister group to Skrjabillanidae (thus Philoneminae should be elevated to Philonemidae), the paraphyly of the Philometridae. Comparison of a large number of sequences of representatives of the latter family supports the paraphyly of the genera Philometra, Philometroides and Dentiphilometra. The validity of the newly included genera Afrophilometra and Caranginema is not supported. These results indicate geographical isolation has not been the cause of speciation in this parasite group and no coevolution with fish hosts is apparent. On the contrary, the group of South-American species of Alinema, Nilonema and Rumai is placed in an independent branch, thus markedly separated from other family members. Molecular data indicate that the skrjabillanid subfamily Esocineminae (represented by Esocinema bohemicum) should be either elevated to the rank of an independent family or Daniconematidae (Mexiconema africanum) should be decreased to Daniconematinae and transferred to the family Skrjabillanidae. Camallanid genera Camallanus and Procamallanus, as well as the subgenera Procamallanus and Spirocamallanus are confirmed to be paraphyletic. Paraphyly has also been found within Filarioidea, Habronematoidea and Thelazioidea and in Cystidicolidae, Physalopteridae and Thelaziidae. The results of the analyses also show that Neoascarophis, Spinitectus and Rhabdochona are monophyletic, in contrast to the paraphyletic genus Ascarophis. They further confirm the independence of two subgenera, Rhabdochona and Globochona, in the genus Rhabdochona. The necessity of further studies of fish-parasitizing representatives of additional nematode families not yet studied by molecular methods, such as Guyanemidae, Lucionematidae or Tetanonematidae, is underscored.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
100. Phylogeography of the forest dormouse Dryomys nitedula (Gliridae, Rodentia) in Russian Plain and the Caucasus
- Creator:
- Grigoryeva, Olga, Krivonogov, Denis, Balakirev, Alexander, Stakheev, Valeriy, Andreychev, Alexey , and Orlov, Victor
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- mitochondrial phylogeography, mitochondrial DNA, cytochrome b, haplogroups, and taxonomy
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The genetic variation of the forest dormouse Dryomys nitedula (Pallas, 1779) from isolated populations of Russian Plain and the Caucasus was investigated using cytochrome b gene (cytb). The genetic distance calculated between these populations of forest dormouse was 9.94 %, which corresponds to the typical distance between biological species of mammals. The genetic distance of cytb between Western and Central Caucasus forest dormouse populations is also significant, 6.0 %. Probably, there was a long-term isolation of European and Caucasian areas of D. nitedula during the whole Pleistocene.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public