A one-dimensional two-zone mathematical model, comprising a pair of advection-dispersion equations coupled by a mass exchange term, is proposed to study longitudinal dispersion in channels with sequences of pools and riffles. An implicit finite-difference numerical scheme is employed, and its effectiveness is assessed with reference to known analytical solutions. Moreover, sets of longitudinal dispersion experiments were performed on various simple geometries of sequences of pools and riffles developed in a laboratory flume. The results were compared with corresponding numerical solutions to calibrate the two-zone model. and Pro studium podélné disperze v korytech s opakující se soustavou tůní a prahů byl navržen jednorozměrný dvouzónový matematický model. Model zahrnuje dvojici rovnic pro advektivní disperzi doplněných výrazem pro přenos hmoty. Byl použit implicitní model konečných diferencí a jeho vhodnost ověřena porovnáním se známým analytickým řešením. Navíc, v laboratorním žlabu byla provedena série měření podélné disperze pro různé jednoduché geometrie koryta se střídajícími se tůněmi a prahy. Pro kalibraci dvouzónového modelu byly výsledky měření porovnány s odpovídajícími matematickými řešeními.
It is well known that the blood supply of the greater omentum and female internal genital organs are not physiologically connected. There is also no mention of such anatomical variation in anatomical, radiological, or surgical textbooks. Here we present a very rare case report of atypical double arterial anastomosis (the first and second variant artery) between the right limb of the omental arcade of Barkow, uterus, and right ovary, which was found during a routine student anatomical dissection course. It is very challenging to find a proper explanation for the presence of the described anatomical variation; however, we hypothesized that it is based on their common embryonic origin - the mesentery. The first and second variant arteries could be remnants of transient anastomoses or collateral circulation, which were present during embryonic development and persisted until adulthood. Moreover, during our literature review, we noticed that the general description of omental blood supply and its possible variations is relatively poor; therefore, we emphasize the need for more precise knowledge regarding these anatomical parts, which could help surgeons who are performing abdominal or pelvic surgeries in preventing avoidable bleeding.
We have developed a simple and an effective method for the isolation of photochemically active broken chloroplasts from conifer needles that can be applied for a wide variety of conifer species with needle-like leaves. The utilisation of this method in photosynthetic studies offers a possibility to examine the efficiency of almost any component of thylakoid electron-transport chain and to disclose information about individual parts of primary photosynthetic processes that would be otherwise difficult to obtain. Various aspects influencing the outcome of this procedure, including the amount of needles necessary for sufficient yields, the possible length and the conditions of their storage, the best method for their disruption, the composition and pH of isolation and storage buffers, the centrifugation sequence, etc., are discussed., D. Holá ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii
A new chamber was developed for a simultaneous measurement of fluorescence kinetics and oxygen exchange in filamentous and thallous algae as well as in small leaves of water plants. Algal filaments or thalli are kept by a stainless grid close to the bottom window of the chamber in the sample compartment. The grid separates the object from the electrode compartment with the oxygen electrode at the top. This compartment accommodates, in addition, a magnetic stirrer that provides efficient circulation of the medium between the sample and the electrode. This magnetic bar spins on a fixed axis and is driven by an electronically commutated magnetic field produced by four coils which are arranged around the chamber. This design yields a very favourable signal to noise ratio in the oxygen electrode records. Consequently, measurements can be performed even of algae with very low photosynthetic rates such as marine low-light red algae or algae under severe stress. For irradiation of the samples and for fluorescence measurements a fibre optic light guide is used facing the window of the chamber. The four branches of a commercially available light guide serve the following purposes: collection of sample fluorescence and supply of measuring, actinic, and saturating light, respectively. and H. Küpper, I. Šetlík, M. Hlásek.