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Start Over Rights http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Date Unknown

31722. Traits of chlorophyll fluorescence in 99 plant species from the sparse-elm grassland in Hunshandak Sandland

Creator:
Li, Yong-Geng, Li, Ling-Hao, Jiang, Gao-Ming, Niu, Shu-Li, Liu, Mei-Zhen, Gao, Lei-Ming, Peng, Yu, and Jiang, Chuang-Dao
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
environmental stress, habitat, plant functional type, quantum efficiency, root system, semi-arid sandland, and sparse-elm grassland
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Sparse-elm grassland is the remarkable landscape of Hunshandak Sandland in Inner Mongolia Autonomic Region of China. Maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) of 99 native plant species (85 grasses, 11 shrubs, and 3 trees) of different plant functional Types (PFTs) distributed in fixed sand dune, lowland, and wetland was investigated. Deep-rooted plant species (tree, shrub, and perennial grass) had higher Fv/Fm values than the shallow-rooted species (annual grasses), suggesting that soil drought is the major environmental stress. Annual C4 grasses had higher Fv/Fm values than annual C3 or CAM ones, indicating that C4 photosynthesis is more ecologically adaptive than CAM and C3 grasses. According to the habitats with annual C3 grass distribution, Fv/Fm values were in the order of fixed dune>lowland>wetland, suggesting that salt and pH value may enhance irradiance or heat stress for those distributed in pickled and watery habitats. Based on such characteristics, Ulmus pumila, Salix gordejevii, Caragana microphylla, Agriophyllum pungens, and Agropyron cristatum are recommended as ideal species for ecological restoration in degraded sand-land ecosystems. and Yong-Geng Li ... [et al.].
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

31724. Traktát Stanislava ze Znojma „De vero et falso“

Creator:
Sousedík, Stanislav
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Prague University, propositional logic, Czech philosophy, Jan Hus, and John Wyclif
Language:
Czech
Description:
Stanislav of Znojmo (died 1414), a professor of the Prague Theological Faculty, first a teacher and friend to Jan Hus, but then his decided opponent, wrote a comprehensive treatise, probably around 1403, entitled De vero et falso. The subject of my article is an analysis of the content of this work. In it, Stanislav deals with the question of the truth of a proposition and the problem of its truth-maker. The question of the truth-maker falls into the area of metaphysics, and so the author speaks of metaphysi­cal truth. In so far as metaphysical truth is concerned, Stanislav of Znojmo defends a decidedly realist standpoint, judging that categorematic expressions are not alone in having real counterparts in the world, but syncategorematic expressions (for example, statement conjunctions, words expressing negations and so on) also have such counterparts. Stanislav’s treatise, in its overall orientation, belongs to propositionalism, a trend in logical thought widespread at the end of the Middle Ages. Although the author of the treatise De vero et falso does not cite contemporary authors, he shows a knowledge of some exponents of propositional logic (namely Gregory of Rimini, for example). His main inspiration, however, is undoubtedly the work of John Wyclif.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

31725. Trampoty s chronologií nálevkovitých pohárů

Creator:
Trampota, František and Květina, Petr
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
starý eneolit, kultura s nálevkovitými poháry, relativní chronologie, absolutní chronologie, radiokarbonové datování, Early Eneolithic, Funnel Beaker culture, relative chronology, absolute chronology, and radiocarbon dating
Language:
Czech
Description:
V diskusním příspěvku polemizujeme s nově navrženou chronologií kultury s nálevkovitými poháry na základě modelace radiokarbonových dat z především pohřebních lokalit, kterou představili M. Šmíd et al. (2021). V kritice se zabýváme jednak teoretickým přístupem ke studiu pravěkých společností, způsobem výběru radiokarbonových dat, metodou modelace radiokarbonových dat a absencí diskuse v situaci, která ji snadno umožňuje. Na závěr představujeme vlastní pojetí chronologie keramických skupin spojených s nálevkovitými poháry, ve kterém definujeme dva chronologické stupně – baalberský a bolerázský, zatímco „předbaalberský“ stupeň má více společenský než chronologický rozměr. and The article offers a discussion of the new Funnel Beaker chronology proposed by M. Šmíd et al. (2021) based on the modelling of radiocarbon dates coming mainly from burial sites. The review deals with both the theoretical approach to the study of prehistoric societies, the method of selecting radiocarbon data, the method of modelling radiocarbon data and the absence of discussion in a situation that easily fosters it. The conclusion presents the actual concept of the chronology of pottery groups connected with the Funnel Beakers, with two chronological stages being defined – the Baalberge and Boleráz, whereas the ‘pre-Baalberge’ stage has more of a social than chronological dimension.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

31727. Trampové a moc: k problematice postavení trampského hnutí ve společnosti od počátku dvacátých let do současnosti

Creator:
Altman, Karel and Křížová, Markéta
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Language:
Czech
Description:
The specific feature of the tramping is the fact that, in špite of its 80-year-tradition and a reál mass character, it has always verged on becoming illegal. This is a consequence of the very substance of the activity - a free camping outdoors, outside the parcels or objects sanctioned for this purpose by competent statě authorities or private owners. The intensity of the restrictive measures of the administrativě machinery towards tramping is unsteady - sometimes the activity has been tolerated, sometimes sujfered in silence, but also occasionally or systematically persecuted. This occurred during all regimes - at the times of the first Czechoslovak Republic, during Nazi occupation, during the „ building of the socialism “ times, but also nowadays. The motives that drove the oppression of the tramp movement for part of the statě organs of course differed considerably. Between the wars the tramp movement has been restricted by the police, who applied especially the so called „ Kubát ’s law forbidding the camping and outdoor activities of the single youths of the opposite sex. During the occupation times the tramps háve been persecuted by the security organs of the protectorate police and by the German Gestapo, who suspected them of being involved in the resistance movement and helping the partyzans. In the socialist era the tramps had to liide from the foresters, police forces and their wardens stationed in the villages, who resented the existence of the relatively informal tramp movement outside the oficial structures, their free movement over the country as well as their traditional sympathies toward the heroes of the American West, showed by their clothing and other atributes. In the last tenyears, the tramps are being accused of breaking the nátuře protection laws and they are persecuted especially by the representatives of the State conservation department.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

31728. Trans jako výzva symbolickému uspořádání společnosti

Creator:
Agha, Petr
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
transgender, transsexualita, identita, pohlavní identita, pohlaví, and sociální role
Language:
Czech
Description:
Tento článek definuje trans jako širokou paletu osobnostních (genderových) projevů, které stojí v kontrastu s tendencí společnosti přijímat (přejímat) hluboce zakořeněné představy o tom, co je "normální" a "přirozené", a tendencí chovat podezření vůči takovým projevům osobnosti, které se zdají být s těmito normami v rozporu - změna pohlaví se pak zdá být "nepřirozená". Tento článek si klade otázky ohledně vztahu (trans) genderu k demokratické představivosti společnosti. and This article defines the phenomenon of trans as an expression of the wide range of personal (gender) expressions and contrasts this idea with the tendency of societies to adopt deeply rooted ideas about what is "normal" and "natural", as well as the tendency to act with suspicion against such manifestations of personality that seem to be in conflict with these standards - sex change then appears to be "un-natural." This article raises questions about the relationship between (trans)gender and democratic imagination.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

31729. Trans* příběhy o těle a s tělem

Creator:
Dita
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
trans* identities, trans* bodies, and body modifications
Language:
Czech
Description:
The heteronormative order is based on the categorisation of people into men and women. The categories of man and woman are understood as given, fixed, ahistorical, and universal. Trans* identities represent a ‘border area’ where categories of woman, man, and binary differentiation between ‘male’ and ‘female’ bodies are redefined and re-established. This article is based on an analysis of 18 semi-structured interviews with trans people in the Czech republic. The first part of the article is focused on the ways in which trans* people relate to their bodies. The second part discusses the gender aspects of hormonal body modification. The third part raises the question of passing and legibility in the context of body modification and the representation of their own gender identity.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

31730. Transcriptome profiling of genes involved in photosynthesis in Elaeagnus angustifolia L. under salt stress

Creator:
Lin, J., Li, J. P., Yuan, F., Yang, Z., Wang, B. S., and Chen, M.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
biomasa, biomass, greening, ion concentrations, photosynthetic parameters, plant height, 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
High salt concentration is a major abiotic stress limiting plant growth and productivity in many areas of the world. Elaeagnus angustifolia L. adapts to adverse environments and is widely planted in the western region of China as a windbreaker and for landscape and soil stabilization. High salt concentrations inhibited photosynthesis of E. angustifolia, but the mechanism is not known. In this paper, RNA-sequencing was used to investigate effects of salt stress on the photosynthetic characteristics of the species. In total, 584 genes were identified and involved in photosynthetic pathways. The downregulation of genes that encode key enzymes involved in photosynthesis and genes correlated to important structures in photosystem and light-harvesting complexes might be the main reason, particularly, the downregulation of the gene that encodes magnesium chelatase. This would decrease the activity of enzymes involved in chlorophyll synthesis and the downregulation of the key gene that encodes Rubisco, and thereby decreases enzyme activity and the protein content of Rubisco., J. Lin, J. P. Li, F. Yuan, Z. Yang, B. S. Wang, M. Chen., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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