Článek se zabývá problematikou wrongful life a wrongful birth žalob na základě etických a právních úvah. Základním cílem je nalézt odpověď na otázku, zda by tyto žaloby měly zavedeny do právního řádu či nikoliv. Autor se nepokouší nalézt definitivní odpověď na filosofické otázky, ale spíše se pokouší podat návrhy řešení s ohledem na kulturní a převládající rámec v konkrétní společnosti. Článek se snaží shromáždit argumentační rámec jak zastánců, tak i odpůrců tohoto typu žalob a to jak v morální, tak i v právní rovině. Jsou zde nastíněny základní morální otázky a právní otázky, ke kterým je přiložena argumentace pro a proti a to u jednoho i druhého typu žalob.
V závěru se autor pokouší prokázat, že zatímco žaloby „wrongful birth“ mohou být při přijetí určitých etických pozic akceptovatelné, žaloby „wrongful life“ jsou nekonzistentní s teorií deliktního práva a není vhodné, aby byly nároky z nich uplatňované přiznávány. and This article deals with the issue of wrongful life and wrongful birth action on the basis of ethical and legal reflections. The basic issue is to find out the answer whether this kind of actions should be established in legal order or not. Author doesn´t try to find out absolute answer on philosophical based questions, but rather tries to submit proposals for solutions considering cultural context in particular society. This article tries to gather ethical and legal arguments from both – proponents and opponents – of this type of actions. There could be find basic moral and legal issues and argumentation for and against it. Author demonstrates that while wrongful birth actions could be from some ethical angle acceptable, the wrongful life actions are inconsistence with principles of tort law and the claims arising therefrom should be denied.
Submitted paper deals with preparation of the X-DIA aeroelastic demonstrator component wind tunnel tests. The paper is focused on design, analysis and manufacturing of new composite foreplanes, FE analyses of the X-DIA Component Model (static
aeroelasticity, flutter, dynamic responses) and optimization study of the demonstrator wind tunnel support device. Analyses were performed by means of the MSC.NASTRAN program system. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Senescence-induced changes in the xanthophyll cycle activity and chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence parameters were compared in detached barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaf segments kept for 6 d in darkness or under continuous " white light" (90 μmol m-2 s-1). Before detachment of the leaf segments, the plants were grown at periodic regime [12 h light (90 μmol m-2 s-1)/12 h dark]. The de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle pigments (DEPS) in the leaf samples was determined immediately (the actual DEPS), after 1 h of dark-adaptation (the residual DEPS), and during 14 min of a high-irradiance (HI) exposure (500 μmol m-2 s-1) (HI-induced DEPS). In the light-senescing segments, senescence was delayed pronouncedly compared to dark-senescing ones as the Chl content, the photosystem 2 photochemistry, and electron transport processes were highly maintained. Further, the actual DEPS increased, probably due to the increased mean photon dose. The HI-induced increase in the DEPS was stimulated in the light-senescing segments, whereas it was slowed down in the dark-senescing ones. However, after the 14 min HI-exposure of the dark-senescing segments the HI-induced DEPS was not markedly lower than in the mature leaves, which indicated the maintenance of the xanthophyll cycle operation. and M. Špundová, K. Strzałka, J. Nauš.
In South Bohemia, Czech Republic, 178 shrews, including 98 common shrews, Sorex araneus L., 70 pygmy shrews, Sorex minutus L., and 10 lesser white-toothed shrews, Crocidura suaveolens (Pallas), were examined for Soricimyxum fegati Prunescu, Prunescu, Pucek et Lom, 2007 infections, using squash preparations of unfixed tissues, histological sections and molecular methods. The infection was found in 51 (52%) S. araneus, 14 (20%) S. minutus and 1 (10%) C. suaveolens. The records of the latter two species extend host range of S. fegati. Lesions associated with S. fegati infections in the liver, the organ of specific localisation of the parasite, were found to be induced by proliferative stages migrating toward lumina of bile ducts. In other organs of these three host species, xenoma-like formations (XLFs) were found that severely injured blood vessels. XLFs contained presporogonic stages of S. fegati, whose species identity was evidenced using molecular methods.