A differential mechanical technique for tissue separation, based on the different physical resistance to grinding between mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS) cells, was tested on dicotyledonous C4 plants A triplex canscens, A triplex halimus, Gomphrena globosa, Amaranthus retroflexus, Amaranthus caudatus and Portulaca oleracea. A metal sieve (35 mesh) was placed inside a mortar and pieces of leaves (0.5 cm2) were ground in an aqueous medium on the sieve to obtain a homogenate. The homogenate was at first collected below the sieve and was then filtered through six layers of muslin. Microscopic examination showed that the filtrate was enriched by the M cells and the residue was enriched by BS cells, few of which were broken. The BS cell fraction was then vigorously ground and filtered; this second filtrate was named the BS cell fraction and the first filtrate was named the M cell fraction. Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39) (RuBPC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31) (PEPC) were assayed, and chlorophyll determinations and protein estimations were made on both fractions. As expected, PEPC showed higher activities in the M fractions; contrary to expectation RuBPC was present in M cell fractions in the six dicotyledonous C4 plants tested. The relative high RuBPC activities found in the M fraction could not be explained in terms of bundle sheath contamination.
Opegaster ouemoensis sp. n. is described from Periophthalmus argentilineatus Valenciennes (Gobiidae). Distinctive features included the weak or undetectable papillae of the ventral sucker and the small, but distinct cirrus-sac. The new species is compared with 25 marine species of Opegaster for which a table of measurements and ratios is presented. The new combination Opegaster queenslandicus (Aken'Ova, 2007) (originally in Opecoelus) is formed. Fifteen mudskippers were intensively examined for parasites; larval anisakid nematodes and acanthocephalans were found, but no monogeneans, cestodes, copepods, isopods, hirudineans or adult nematodes. A brief summary of the helminth parasites of mudskippers is included.
Physicalism demands an explication of what it means for something to be physical. But the most popular way of providing one—viz., characterizing the physical in terms of the postulates of a scientifically derived physical theory—is met with serious trouble. Proponents of physicalism can either appeal to current physical theory or to some future physical theory (preferably an ideal and complete one). Neither option is promising: currentism almost assuredly renders physicalism false and futurism appears to render it indeterminate or trivial. The purpose of this essay is to argue that attempts to characterize the mental encounter a similar dilemma: currentism with respect to the mental is likely to be inadequate or contain falsehoods and futurism leaves too many significant questions about the nature of mentality unanswered. This new dilemma, we show, threatens both sides of the current debate surrounding the metaphysical status of the mind.
The antipyretic effect of AVP, α-MSH and ACTH consists in lowering the thrmoregulatory threshold and in shortening the time span of the fever. Thus, neuropeptides influence activity of hypothalamic neurones regulating body temperature. This was confirmed by recent experiments of Moravec (this volume) which indicate that spontaneous activity and thermosensitivity of neurones in hypothalamic slices can be influenced, by AVP. Why neuropeptides of different chemical structure such as AVT, on one hand, and α-MSH and ACTH, on the other hand, induce the same effect on thermoregulation remains to be elucidated.
Ten new species of Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 parasitic on members of the avian families Formicariidae, Thraupidae, Tyrannidae, Troglodytidae and Icteridae are described herein. They and their type hosts are M. isacantha sp. n. ex Chamaeza nobilis Gould, M. circumsternata sp. n. ex Formicarius colma Boddaert (Formicariidae); M. cacioppoi sp. n. ex Lanio fulvus (Boddaert), M. brasiliensis sp. n. ex Tangara chilensis (Vigors), M. saviti sp. n. ex Tangara schrankii (Spix) (Thraupidae), M. rodriguesae sp. n. ex Cnipodectes subbrunneus (Sclater), M. cnemotriccola sp. n. ex Cnemotriccus fuscatus (Wied-Neuwied), M. lathrotriccola sp. n. ex Lathrotriccus euleri (Cabanis) (Tyrannidae), M. faccioae sp. n. ex Cyphorhinus arada transfluvialis (Todd) (Troglodytidae), and M. lampropsaricola sp. n. ex Lampropsar tanagrinus (Spix) (Icteridae). Among these are two new Myrsidea species described from the avian family Formicariidae, which previously had only a single described Myrsidea species, and a new host record for M. cinnamomei Dalgleish et Price, 2005 ex Attila citriniventris Sclater. Analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequences for these and other neotropical Myrsidea species provides an assessment of their phylogenetic relationships and indicates that all of these newly described species are genetically distinct. We also put these descriptions into context by estimating the potential number of unnamed Myrsidea species in Brazil, given the known diversity of potential hosts and typical levels of host specificity for Myrsidea species. Our estimate indicates that Brazilian Myrsidea species diversity is likely more than an order of magnitude greater than the number of described Myrsidea species known from Brazil, highlighting the need for future work on this megadiverse ectoparasite genus.
Last changes in Poland have made that in the hi-tech industry the main role started to play the small-specialized enterprises, leaded by the people who has a good contacts in Universities. They are interested in the sophisticated technology and want to cooperate with the University. The mechatronic product - the family of computer controlled infusion pumps are the important part of the intensive care room equipment in every hospital. The designed family of pumps gives the possibility to program infusion rate in most frequently used units, allows to record in memory own dosing procedures, could automatically load and recognize the syringe etc. They are nearly the top product similar to the ones offered by the best manufactures as B. Brown, or Fresenius.
These two aspects: characteristic of the pumps family and the technology transfer are the main foals of the paper. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The absolute gravity measurements are an important tool for reliable monitoring geodynamic phenomena. Based on the experience with the absolute gravimeter FG5#215 (gravimeter of the Center for Earth Dynamics Research), the accuracy of FG5 absolute gravimeters is presented in this study. The instrumental reproducibility of this meter is characterized by the value of 0.7 μGal. Discussed are important environmental effects on gravity measurements, such as atmospheric and hydrological effects, understanding of which is necessary for correct and reliable interpretation of the repeated absolute gravity measurements in geodynamics., Vojtech Pálinkáš, Jakub Kostelecký and Jaroslav Šimek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This paper deals with the application of a fluidized layer of granular material (FLGM) for the direct separation of destabilized impurities during drinking water treatment. Further, it investigates the effect of operation parameters (fluidized layer grain size, technological arrangement, velocity gradient, retention time, dosage of destabilisation reagent and temperature) on the aggregation and separation efficiency of the layer. The tests were carried out in a pilot plant scale. Aluminium sulphate was used as the destabilisation reagent. The highest separation efficiencies were achieved, when the particles entered the fluidized layer immediately after the dosing of the destabilisation reagent, when they had the lowest degree of aggregation. The separation efficiency (ϕ) also increased with increasing velocity gradient and the maximal value was reached at the velocity gradient of about 250 s-1. The most efficient separation of aluminium was achieved at 5 °C, but the effect of temperature on the efficiency of organic matter separation (ϕTOC) was not very significant. The maximal efficiency of separation on the layer grains reached the values ϕAl = 0.81 at the optimal dosage DAl = 1.55 mg L-1 and ϕTOC = 0.31 at the optimal dosage DAl = 2.36 mg L-1. The indisputable advantage of using FLGM for the separation of impurities is that they are intercepted on the layer grains in a form of solid, water-free shell (or coat) with the density of 2450 kg m-3, and there is no need to deal with the sludge dewatering. and Příspěvek se zabývá využitím fluidní vrstvy zrnitého materiálu (FLGM) pro přímou separaci destabilizovaných nečistot při úpravě vody a vlivem provozních parametrů (velikost zrn náplně, technologické uspořádání, gradient rychlosti, doba zdržení, dávka destabilizačního činidla, teplota) na agregační a separační účinnost vrstvy. Testy byly prováděny na poloprovozním modelu fluidní vrstvy. Jako destabilizační činidlo byl použit síran hlinitý. Nejvyšší separační účinnosti byly dosahovány, pokud částice nečistot vstupovaly do fluidní vrstvy bezprostředně po nadávkování destabilizačního činidla, kdy byl jejich stupeň agregace nejnižší. Separační účinnost (ϕ) se také zvyšovala s narůstající hodnotou gradientu rychlosti ve fluidní vrstvě a maximální hodnoty dosáhla při gradientu kolem 250 s-1. Hliník byl nejúčinněji separován při nízké teplotě (5 °C), nicméně na účinnost separace organických látek (ϕTOC) teplota příliš velký vliv neměla. Maximální účinnost separace na zrnech fluidní vrstvy dosáhla hodnot ϕAl = 0,81 při optimální dávce DAl = 1,55 mg L-1 a ϕTOC = 0,31 při optimální dávce DAl = 2,36 mg L-1. Nespornou výhodou využití fluidní vrstvy jako separačního prvku je skutečnost, že nečistoty jsou na zrnech FLGM zachycovány ve formě pevné skořápky (hustota 2450 kg m-3), která neobsahuje kapalnou vodu, a kal tudíž nemusí být odvodňován.