The main purpose of this paper is to give a new approach for partial metric spaces. We first provide the new concept of KM-fuzzy partial metric, as an extension of both the partial metric and KM-fuzzy metric. Then its relationship with the KM-fuzzy quasi-metric is established. In particularly, we construct a KM-fuzzy quasi-metric from a KM-fuzzy partial metric. Finally, after defining the notion of partial pseudo-metric systems, a one-to-one correspondence between partial pseudo-metric systems and KM-fuzzy partial pseudo-metrics is constructed. Furthermore, a fuzzifying topology τP on X deduced from KM-fuzzy partial metric is established and some properties of this fuzzifying topology are discussed.
Estimating the pre- failure points for rocks during laboratory testing is not a trivial task. In this study, a new approach is introduced that utilizes change in the slope of the load-deformation curves of rock in the loading cycle for marking the onset of failure point during uniaxial test of a given rock. At each step, load-deformation data footprints of the rock under test are inspected and a decision is made whether the failure has started or not. The load-deformation data obtained from different tests of different rocks are examined including; Norite, Granite, Limestone, Sandstone, Siltstone and Marble. The computational results over 154 cored rock samples show that the proposed approach locates the onset of failure point for a given rock with an acceptable degree of accuracy., Deniz Mamurekli., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rock brittleness is one of the most important issues in rock mechanics. There is not yet an available method for defining or measuring directly the rock brittleness. The aim of this study is to suggest a new chemical index parameter for the prediction of basaltic rocks’ brittleness. In the order of that abovementioned purpose, a total of 23 basaltic rock samples were collected from different region of Turkey. Samples were initially tested to determine their chemical properties. Then, mechanical tests were carried out to define the brittleness indices (B1, B2, and B3) for each corresponding sample. Finally, relations between parameters obtained from test results and brittleness indices were examined with regression analysis. According to the results obtained, a new chemical parameter (CP) was proposed for predicting brittleness via major oxide element components of basaltic rocks. It was found out that, B1 and B2 are not reliable parameters for predicting the different properties, however; B3 and CP can be employed as good criteria for predicting the different properties of basaltic rocks (especially in terms of chemical and mechanical properties)., Candan Bilen, Selman Er, Atiye Tuğrul and Murat Yilmaz., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Discriminant analysis is an important method in multivariable statistic analysis to show what type an individual should belong to. Based on actual field photosynthetic value set obtained from our research platform, North East China Transect (NECT), a new approach, developed from the concept and principle of discriminant analysts, was proposed to distinguish C3 and C4 plants. Indices related to plant photosynthetic capacity measured by an LCA4 photosynthesis system were selected to build the discriminant model which is based on four related parameters: net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and difference in temperature between leaf surface and atmosphere. Compared with other approaches, the present one is fast, straightforward, and efficient. and H. P. Tang, X. S. Zhang.
There is increasing evidence that dietary saturated fatty acids (SAFA) have not only an indirect atherogenic effect due to increasing LDL-cholesterol concentration but also a direct effect by activating the inflammation process. This review summarizes several recent publications in this field. The effect of SAFA on the inflammation process mediated by Toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB pathway has been well documented in various in vitro culture studies of macrophages and adipocytes or in their co-culture. In contrast to these in vitro data, in vivo epidemiological studies or clinical experiments in men are less consistent. Well controlled cross-over studies in volunteers might enlighten the differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids dietary intake and proatherogenic inflammation effects., R. Poledne., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
A new nematode species, Atractis vidali sp. n., is described from the intestine of cichlid fishes, Vieja intermedia (Günther) (type host) and Cichlasoma pearsei (Hubbs), from specimens collected in three localities in the Mexican states of Campeche (Santa Gertrudis Creek) and Chiapas (Cedros and Lacanjá Rivers). It differs from the only other atractid species reported in fishes of Mexico, Atractis bravoae, mainly in possessing two very unequal spicules. In contrast to the 10 species parasitising amphibians and reptiles in America, the new species has a longer body, spicules and a gubernaculum, and a different distribution of the caudal papillae. This is the second species of the genus Atractis recorded from freshwater fishes.
Experimental data concerning the bioavailability of the different Mg-salts in human organism is inconsistent. Mg-absorption reported by clinical studies largely varies depending on the method used for evaluation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioavailability and accessibility of magnesium bound in different Mg-salt compounds, using an in vitro model of intestinal cell barrier. The study included a variety of inorganic (oxide, sulphate, chloride, carbonate) and organic salts (lactate, citrate, pidolate). Caco-2 cells were cultivated in a complete culture medium with different magnesium salts treatments in ascending concentrations. The viability and quantity of cells was analysed by FACS. Mg-absorption was analysed by a direct colorimetric assay, measured by spectrometry. T-test identified a significant decrease in cell count treatment with mg-lactate compared with citrate. Mg-pidolate showed a significantly higher cell viability compared with Mg-citrate, Mg-lactate and Mg-chloride. Even though the difference was not significant, we showed that an increase in Mg2+ salt concentration progressively decreased the cell count and the viability and the effect was universal for all the used Mg-salt treatments. Mg-citrate, chloride, and sulphate showed a significantly lower absorption compared to Mg-carbonate, pidolate and oxide. Our in vitro monolayer model of human intestinal transport showed that viability and quantity of cell decreased with increasing Mg-concentration. We admit that our experiment model may have some limitations in accurately describing an in vivo Mg2+ absorption. Moreover, it is also necessary to assess the relevance of our data in vivo and especially in clinical practice., Ján Kyselovič, Nikola Chomaničová, Adriana Adamičková, Simona Valášková, Barbara Šalingová, Andrea Gažová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The most algorithms for Recommender Systems (RSs) are based on a Collaborative Filtering (CF) approach, in particular on the Probabilistic Matrix Factorization (PMF) method. It is known that the PMF method is quite successful for the rating prediction. In this study, we consider the problem of rating prediction in RSs. We propose a new algorithm which is also in the CF framework; however, it is completely different from the PMF-based algorithms. There are studies in the literature that can increase the accuracy of rating prediction by using additional information. However, we seek the answer to the question that if the input data does not contain additional information, how we can increase the accuracy of rating prediction. In the proposed algorithm, we construct a curve (a low-degree polynomial) for each user using the sparse input data and by this curve, we predict the unknown ratings of items. The proposed algorithm is easy to implement. The main advantage of the algorithm is that the running time is polynomial, namely it is θ(n2), for sparse matrices. Moreover, in the experiments we get slightly more accurate results compared to the known rating prediction algorithms.
Twenty two percent (22/98) of intertidal fishes of 10 species captured in South Africa at Koppie Alleen, De Hoop Nature Reserve (south coast) and Mouille Point, Cape Town (west coast), harboured single or combined infections of haemogregarines, trypanosomes and an intraerythrocytic parasite resembling a Haemohormidium sp. The haemogregarines included the known species Haemogregarina (sensu lato) bigemina (Laveran et Mesnil, 1901) Siddall, 1995 and Haemogregarina (sensu lato) koppiensis Smit et Davies, 2001, while Haemogregarina (sensu lato) curvata sp. n. was observed in Clinus cottoides Valenciennes and Parablennius cornutus (L.) at Koppie Alleen. This last haemogregarine is characterised particularly by its distinctly curved gamonts. Also at Koppie Alleen, squash and histological preparations of 9/10 leeches, Zeylanicobdella arugamensis De Silva, 1963, taken from infected C. cottoides and P. cornutus contained developmental stages of H. curvata and/or trypanosomes, but these were absent from haematophagous gnathiid isopods (Gnathia africana Barnard, 1914) taken from infected fishes. It is suspected that Z. arugamensis transmits the haemogregarine and trypanosomes simultaneously between fishes, a double event unreported previously from the marine environment.
In a study of the oligochaete fauna and their actinosporean parasites in three lakes in Algonquin Park, Canada, a novel form of raabeia-type actinosporean was observed in a single specimen of Uncinais uncinata (∅ersted) (Naididae). This form differs from those previously described in its small size, and by having caudal processes that gradually widen and terminate with a single prominent branch.