This article examines the administration of rescue operations to save people from drowning and the distribution of rewards to rescuers in Bohemia during the 1780s and 1790s. Based on documented interrogations and official records, the article looks at the investigatory process, the conditions rescuers had to fulfil in order to apply for a reward from the Bohemian Gubernium, and the role of other actors in this process, such as witnesses and doctors. The study departs from the concept of biopolitics developed by French philosopher Michel Foucault and shows how the state authorities tried to foster mutual solidarity among town dwellers. While Enlightenment thinkers continued to stress the role of "love for human beings" (Menschenliebe), i.e. universal interpersonal solidarity, the elites held the view that the biggest motivation for anyone to save a person from drowning was monetary reward. The aim of the enlighteners, however, was to encourage people to embrace the ideal of "Menschenliebe" and to fully identify with it - hence their emphasis on cases of selfless acts, especially in newspapers and popular literature. Besides that, the article analyses the trend towards the medicalization of society in the Enlightenment period and changes in attitudes to death., Ondřej Hudeček., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Generations of historians strived (and they still continue to do so) to deduce, what were the property rights of Mstiš to the homestead at the settlement near the Bilin castle and to the newly built Church of Saint Peter in its vicinity. The outcome of the analysis is unconvincing: Cosmas’ text itself does not enable any unambiguous conclusions on the nature of Mstiš’ rights to the homestead and church. It is possible that localities endowed with names derived from the names of castle custodians and other persons from the ranks of the princely retinue indicate one of the manners in which these individuals could gain land ownership. At least in some of the cases, the custodians could proceed to dispose of the property autonomously and bequeath it to an ecclesiastical institution or establish a similar institution themselves. and Tomáš Velímský.
Autorka na základě nově zpřístupněného fondu v Národním archivu připomíná historii Univerzity 17. listopadu a soustředí se na soužití zahraničních studentů s domácím obyvatelstvem v socialistickém Československu v šedesátých letech minulého století. Univerzita 17. listopadu fungovala v Praze a posléze i v Bratislavě v letech 1961 až 1974 jako vzdělávací instituce určená pro studenty ze zemí „třetího světa“, ale i jako školicí středisko pro československé experty mířící do rozvojových zemí, a její existence souvisela s tehdejším československým pronikáním do Afriky, motivovaným politicko-ideologicky a ekonomicky. Její zřízení vycházelo z očekávání, že absolventi univerzity se stanou emisary československých zájmů ve svých domovských státech, tato představa se však podle autorky spíše nenaplnila. Za poměrně častými konflikty mezi československou společností a zahraničnímu studenty vidí autorka především předsudky a averze zdejšího uzavřeného prostředí, k jejichž překonání příliš nepomohla oficiální „internacionalistická“ propaganda ani nedůsledné pokusy o řešení vzniklých incidentů. Otevřenější reflexe těchto problémů nastala až s pražským jarem 1968, kdy Univerzita 17. listopadu také vydávala časopis Fórum zahraničních studentů. Přesto však podle autorky nelze ignorovat přínos této instituce, která přispěla k rozkvětu řady specializovaných vědeckých oborů v Československu (například egyptologie, afrikanistiky, iberoamerikanistiky, etnografie a translatologie) a k navázaní dlouhodobých užitečných kontaktů ve „třetím světě“., Using recently released record groups in the National Archives, Prague, the author considers the history of the University of 17 November (Univerzita 17. listopadu), focusing on the lives of foreign students amongst the local inhabitants of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic in the 1960s and early 1970s. The University of 17 November operated in Prague and then in Bratislava from 1961 to 1974 as an educational institution for students from the ‘Third World’, but also as training centre for Czechoslovak experts heading out to developing countries. Its existence was also linked with Czechoslovak attempts to gain a foothold in Africa, motivated ideologically, politically, and economically. It was established with the expectation that graduates from the university would become emissaries of Czechoslovak interests in their home countries. But this expectation, argues the author, was not quite met. Behind the comparatively frequent conflicts between the foreign students and the natives of Czechoslovakia the author sees mainly the prejudice and aversion of the closed local milieu, which were not overcome by either the official ‘internationalist’ propaganda or the inconsistent attempts to deal with incidents that arose. Only after the Prague Spring of 1968, when the University of 17 November was publishing a magazine, Fórum zahraničních studentů (Foreign Students’ Forum), were these problems reflected upon more openly. Nevertheless, according to the author, one cannot ignore the contribution that this institution made towards the flowering of a number of specialized academic fields in Czechoslovakia, including African studies, Latin American studies, ethnography, and translation studies, and to establishing useful long-term contacts in the Third World., Marta Edith Holečková., and Obsahuje bibliografii