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Start Over Rights http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Subject Europe

1. A Companion to the Great Western Schism (1378-1417), eds. Joëlle Rollo-Kloster - Thomas M. Izbicki, Brill, Leiden - Boston 2009 (= Brill´s Companions to the Christian Tradition 17), 467 s., ISBN 978-90-04-16277-8

Creator:
Ivan Hlaváček
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
14.-15. století, církevní dějiny, papežové, schizma, church history, popes, schism, Evropa, Europe, 5, and 271/279
Language:
Czech
Description:
[autor recenze] Ivan Hlaváček.
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2. A one-way ANOVA test for functional data with graphical interpretation

Creator:
Mrkvička, Tomáš, Myllymäki, Mari, Jílek, Milan, and Hahn, Ute
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
global envelope test, groups comparison, permutation test, Europe, fiscal decentralization, and nonparametrical methods
Language:
English
Description:
A new functional ANOVA test, with a graphical interpretation of the result, is presented. The test is an extension of the global envelope test introduced by Myllymäki et al. (2017, Global envelope tests for spatial processes, J. R. Statist. Soc. B 79, 381-404, doi: 10.1111/rssb.12172). The graphical interpretation is realized by a global envelope which is drawn jointly for all samples of functions. If a mean function computed from the empirical data is out of the given envelope, the null hypothesis is rejected with the predetermined significance level α. The advantages of the proposed one-way functional ANOVA are that it identifies the domains of the functions which are responsible for the potential rejection. We introduce two versions of this test: the first gives a graphical interpretation of the test results in the original space of the functions and the second immediately offers a post-hoc test by identifying the significant pair-wise differences between groups. The proposed tests rely on discretization of the functions, therefore the tests are also applicable in the multidimensional ANOVA problem. In the empirical part of the article, we demonstrate the use of the method by analyzing fiscal decentralization in European countries.
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3. A review of the European species of Phradis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Tersilochinae), with a description of a new species from Spain

Creator:
Khalaim, Andrey I. , Bordera, Santiago , and Rodríguez-Berrío, Alexander
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Tersilochinae, Phradis, new species, taxonomy, key, Europe, and Spain
Language:
English
Description:
European species of the genus Phradis Förster, 1869 are reviewed. A new species from Spain, Phradis mediterraneus sp. n., is described and illustrated. A key to all 24 European species and data on distribution and biology of these species are provided.
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4. A south east Asian pest species newly recorded from Europe: Thrips parvispinus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), its confused identity and potential quarantine significance

Creator:
Mound, Laurence A. and Collins, Dominique W.
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Thysanoptera, Thripidae, Trips aprvispinus, south east Asia, Greece, Europe, taxonomy, synonomy, Thrips taiwanus, pest status, quarantine significance, and Thrips compressicornis
Language:
English
Description:
The south east Asian pest thrips, Thrips parvispinus is recorded breeding in Europe for the first time, damaging Gardenia plants in Greece. Morphological variation in this species from various Asian countries is recorded and compared to the type specimens. As a result Isoneurothrips jenseni Karny, 1925 and Thrips (Isoneurothrips) taiwanus Takahashi, 1936 are placed as synonyms of Thrips parvispinus (Karny, 1922). In contrast, Thrips compressicornis (Sakimura), a species from the Marquesa Islands of the Pacific that has previously been associated with these taxa, represents a very different species. The quarantine significance of T. parvispinus is emphasised.
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5. Alien flora of Europe: species diversity, temporal trends, geographical patterns and research needs

Creator:
Lambdon, Philip W., Pyšek, Petr, Basnou, Corina, Hejda, Martin, Arianoutsou, Margarita, Essl, Franz, Jarošík, Vojtěch, Pergl, Jan, Winter, Marten, Anastasiu, Paulina, Andriopoulos, Pavlos, Bazos, Ioannis, Brundu, Giuseppe, Celesti-Grapow, Laura, Chassot, Philippe, Delipetrou, Pinelopi, Josefsson, Melanie, Kark, Salit, Klotz, Stefan, Kokkoris, Yannis, Kühn, Ingolf, Marchante, Hélia, Perglová, Irena, Pino, Joan, Vilà, Montserrat, Zikos, Andreas, Roy, David, and Hulme, Philip E.
Type:
article and TEXT
Subject:
alien plants, biogeographical pattern, donor regions, Europe, habitat affinity, naturalization, neophytes, plant invasions, residence time, and temporal trends
Language:
English
Description:
The paper provides the first estimate of the composition and structure of alien plants occurring in the wild in the European continent, based on the results of the DAISIE project (2004–2008), funded by the 6th Framework Programme of the European Union and aimed at “creating an inventory of invasive species that threaten European terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments”. The plant section of the DAISIE database is based on national checklists from 48 European countries/regions and Israel; for many of them the data were compiled during the project and for some countries DAISIE collected the first comprehensive checklists of alien species, based on primary data (e.g., Cyprus, Greece, F. Y. R. O. Macedonia, Slovenia, Ukraine). In total, the database contains records of 5789 alien plant species in Europe (including those native to a part of Europe but alien to another part), of which 2843 are alien to Europe (of extra-European origin). The research focus was on naturalized species; there are in total 3749 naturalized aliens in Europe, of which 1780 are alien to Europe. This represents a marked increase compared to 1568 alien species reported by a previous analysis of data in Flora Europaea (1964–1980). Casual aliens were marginally considered and are represented by 1507 species with European origins and 872 species whose native range falls outside Europe. The highest diversity of alien species is concentrated in industrialized countries with a tradition of good botanical recording or intensive recent research. The highest number of all alien species, regardless of status, is reported from Belgium (1969), the United Kingdom (1779) and Czech Republic (1378). The United Kingdom (857), Germany (450), Belgium (447) and Italy (440) are countries with the most naturalized neophytes. The number of naturalized neophytes in European countries is determined mainly by the interaction of temperature and precipitation; it increases with increasing precipitation but only in climatically warm and moderately warm regions. Of the nowadays naturalized neophytes alien to Europe, 50% arrived after 1899, 25% after 1962 and 10% after 1989. At present, approximately 6.2 new species, that are capable of naturalization, are arriving each year. Most alien species have relatively restricted European distributions; half of all naturalized species occur in four or fewer countries/regions, whereas 70% of non-naturalized species occur in only one region. Alien species are drawn from 213 families, dominated by large global plant families which have a weedy tendency and have undergone major radiations in temperate regions (Asteraceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae). There are 1567 genera, which have alien members in European countries, the commonest being globally-diverse genera comprising mainly urban and agricultural weeds (e.g., Amaranthus, Chenopodium and Solanum) or cultivated for ornamental purposes (Cotoneaster, the genus richest in alien species). Only a few large genera which have successfully invaded (e.g., Oenothera, Oxalis, Panicum, Helianthus) are predominantly of non-European origin. Conyza canadensis, Helianthus tuberosus and Robinia pseudoacacia are most widely distributed alien species. Of all naturalized aliens present in Europe, 64.1% occur in industrial habitats and 58.5% on arable land and in parks and gardens. Grasslands and woodlands are also highly invaded, with 37.4 and 31.5%, respectively, of all naturalized aliens in Europe present in these habitats. Mires, bogs and fens are least invaded; only approximately 10% of aliens in Europe occur there. Intentional introductions to Europe (62.8% of the total number of naturalized aliens) prevail over unintentional (37.2%). Ornamental and horticultural introductions escaped from cultivation account for the highest number of species, 52.2% of the total. Among unintentional introductions, contaminants of seed, mineral materials and other commodities are responsible for 1091 alien species introductions to Europe (76.6% of all species introduced unintentionally) and 363 species are assumed to have arrived as stowaways (directly associated with human transport but arriving independently of commodity). Most aliens in Europe have a native range in the same continent (28.6% of all donor region records are from another part of Europe where the plant is native); in terms of species numbers the contribution of Europe as a region of origin is 53.2%. Considering aliens to Europe separately, 45.8% of species have their native distribution in North and South America, 45.9% in Asia, 20.7% in Africa and 5.3% in Australasia. Based on species composition, European alien flora can be classified into five major groups: (1) north-western, comprising Scandinavia and the UK; (2) west-central, extending from Belgium and the Netherlands to Germany and Switzerland; (3) Baltic, including only the former Soviet Baltic states; (4) east-central, comprizing the remainder of central and eastern Europe; (5) southern, covering the entire Mediterranean region. The clustering patterns cut across some European bioclimatic zones; cultural factors such as regional trade links and traditional local preferences for crop, forestry and ornamental species are also important by influencing the introduced species pool. Finally, the paper evaluates a state of the art in the field of plant invasions in Europe, points to research gaps and outlines avenues of further research towards documenting alien plant invasions in Europe. The data are of varying quality and need to be further assessed with respect to the invasion status and residence time of the species included. This concerns especially the naturalized/casual status; so far, this information is available comprehensively for only 19 countries/regions of the 49 considered. Collating an integrated database on the alien flora of Europe can form a principal contribution to developing a European-wide management strategy of alien species.
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6. Aproceros leucopoda (Hymenoptera: Argidae): An East Asian pest of elms (Ulmus spp.) invading Europe

Creator:
Blank, Stephan M., Hara, Hideho, Mikulás, József, Csóka, György, Ciornei, Constantin, Constantineanu, Raoul, Constantineanu, Irinel, Roller, Ladislav , Altenhofer, Ewald, Huflejt, Tomasz, and Vétek, Gábor
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Argidae, Aproceros leucopoda, sawfly, Ulmus, Europe, invasive species, pest species, identification, bionomy, dispersal, and Dutch elm disease
Language:
English
Description:
An invasive sawfly Aproceros leucopoda Takeuchi, 1939, which originates from East Asia, has colonized elms (Ulmus spp.) in Austria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and the Ukraine, at least since 2003. In Europe, the larvae can completely defoliate native and non-native elm trees and may cause at least partial dieback. Field observations indicate that elms are infested independent of their age and site characteristics. The life cycle of A. leucopoda is described based on material reared in Hokkaido, Japan. Parthenogenetic reproduction, short life cycle of summer generations and the ability to produce four generations per year result in the production of numerous progeny. The evolution of a seasonal dimorphism in head morphology, a simple cocoon that is attached directly to the host plant and a short period spent in the cocoon stage during summer, are putative apomorphies shared by Aproceros Takeuchi, 1939 and Aprosthema Konow, 1899. These traits reduce developmental costs and contribute to the proliferation of A. leucopoda. No specialized parasitoid, that can effectively reduce outbreaks of this species, is known. It is likely that this pest will spread into central and south-western Europe. Further monitoring of A. leucopoda is required to assess future range extensions in Europe, its exacerbating effect on Dutch elm disease and to find a suitable biocontrol agent. Concise keys to imaginal and larval stages are presented that will facilitate the identification of A. leucopoda.
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8. Benediktini ve středověku, ed. Marek Matějček

Creator:
Izdný, Jakub
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Západomoravská vysoká škola Třebíč, náboženské a kulturní poměry, řeholní řády, benediktini, středověk, religious and cultural conditions, monastic orders, Benedictines, middle ages, Evropa, Třebíč (Česko), Europe, Třebíč (Czechia), 5, and 2
Language:
Czech
Description:
[autor recenze] Jakub Izdný.
Rights:
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9. Canine thelaziosis in the Czech Republic: the northernmost autochthonous occurrence of the eye nematode Thelazia callipaeda Railliet et Henry, 1910 in Europe

Creator:
Milan Jirků, Roman Kuchta, Gricaj, Elena, David Modrý, and Jirků Pomajbíková, Kateřina
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
šelmy, psi, carnivora, dogs, Česko, Europe, Czechia, vector-borne disease, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The eye nematode Thelazia callipaeda Railliet et Henry, 1910 (Spirurida: Thelaziidae) is a vector-borne zoonotic nematode infecting a range of wild and domestic carnivores as well as humans. It is considered to be a causative agent of emerging and neglected disease and currently invades central part of Europe. Nematodes were collected from the eye of a dog living in Prague, which never travelled outside the Czech Republic. The nematodes were identified based on their morphology and partial sequence of the cox1 gene as T. callipaeda haplotype 1. This finding represents the northernmost record of autochthonous canine thelaziosis in Europe. The insufficient control of imported animals as well as free movement of dogs and wild carnivores within Europe probably facilitates spreading of T. callipaeda throughout the continent. To better understand the spreading of T. callipaeda and to prevent its zoonotic transmissions, information about the risk of this infection in newly invaded countries should be disseminated not only among veterinarians and physicians, but also within the community of pet owners and hunters., Milan Jirků, Roman Kuchta, Elena Gricaj, David Modrý and Kateřina Jirků Pomajbíková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
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10. Cephalcia masuttii sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae), a new web-spinning sawfly living on spruce

Creator:
Battisti, Andrea and Boato, Alberta
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Pamphiliidae, Cephalcia, new species, karyotype, allozyme analysis, Picea, Europe, and China
Language:
English
Description:
Cephalcia masuttii sp. n. is described from the SE Alps of Europe, based on morphological, biological, and genetic studies. The larvae feed gregariously on Picea abies. The species has been recorded also from Central Siberia and NE China, where the larvae feed on Picea obovata and Picea koraiensis, respectively. Indications exist that it may be more widely distributed in Europe and northern Asia. The strict gregariousness of larvae of this species is peculiar among spruce feeders of Cephalcia. Morphologically the adults are most similar to Cephalcia alashanica, with which they are compared. An allozyme analysis showed that the populations from Europe and China are quite similar and clearly different from the other species living on spruce. The karyotype of C. masuttii (n = 25) is also described.
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