Number of results to display per page
Search Results
32. Jan Hus in Medieval Czech hagiography
- Creator:
- Thomas A. Fudge
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, Hus, Jan, asi 1371-1415, hagiografie, středověk, hagiography, middle ages, Česko, Czechia, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Thomas A. Fudge. and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
33. Jazyk jako obraz: McGinnová a Sellars o Wittgensteinově „Traktátu”
- Creator:
- Stefanie Dach
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 1889-1951, Sellars, Wilfrid, 1912-1989, filozofie, pravda, philosophy, truth, linguistic idealism, the picture theory, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- This study is concerned with interpretation of the Tractatus and the picture theory of the early-Wittgenstein from the perspective of the anti-metaphysical reading of M. McGinn and from the perspective of W. Sellars. I analyse McGinn's interpretation and the difficulties which are caused for her in her attempt to provide a non-minimalistic interpretation of Wittgenstein's picture theory. The interpretation of McGinn is then contrasted with Sellars who, unlike the majority of other interpreters, reads Wittgenstein's picture theory in a radically nominalistic way, and places little emphasis on the overall consistency of the Tractatus. I show that his approach allows one to preserve some interesting insights provided by McGinn, while it also manages to avoid the problems that beset her interpretation. Sellars' reading may therefore better serve McGinn's aims than her own reading, although it demands that we give up some of the key theses of the Tractatus. At the same time it may also lead us to a reevaluation of the relevance of the Tractatus for contemporary philosophical debates., Stefanie Dach., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
34. Jazyk, písmo a čínská filosofie
- Creator:
- Lukáš Zádrapa
- Format:
- Type:
- article, studie, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, čínská filozofie, jazyk, písmo, etymologie, stará čínština, Chinese philosophy, eng, language, script, etymology, old Chinese language, Chinese characters, analyses of characters, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Even those historians of Chinese thought, who are capable of both masterly analyses and great synthetic surveys of pre-modern Chinese philosophy, such an Anne Cheng, author of The history of Chinese thought, mostly remain in the grip of enduring stereotypes about Chinese language and Chinese letters. This is true despite the fact that old Chinese linguistics has progressed in the last 50 years at an unforeseen rate, and practically no experts on that language fail to take these advances seriously. At issue, above all, are the immensely popular analyses of characters, which authors treat as the path to uncovering the etymology of a given concept under research. Emancipation from written characters is, it would seem, a basic precondition for a better understanding of language, including the lexicon of philosophical concepts. This article aims to give a broad acccount of the inadequacy of character-etymology and, in contrast to this method, to describe which direction we should take if we wish to understand the conceptual apparatus of ancient Chinese thinkers., Lukáš Zádrapa., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
35. Je aristotelsko-tomistický hylemorfismus schopný života?: Poznámky k článku Davida Peroutky „Tomistická psychologie a moderní pojem mysli“
- Creator:
- Jiří Vácha
- Type:
- article, diskuse, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, filozofie, philosophy, Hylemorfismus, Tomáš Akvinský, substanciální forma, první látka, akcident logický a reálný, subatomární fyzika a metafyzika, energie atomových jader, "organická" škola ve filosofii biologie, jednota organismu, (proto)vědomí živých bytostí, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- „Silná“ forma hylemorfismu, podle které je živá bytost metafyzicky složena ze substanciální formy a zcela neurčité první látky, je neslučitelná s novověkou přírodovědou: schopnost mít prožitky, subjektivita, v různém stupni základní vlastnost živého, má proti sobě nikoliv neurčitou, ale už samostatně strukturovanou hmotu. „Duše“ nemůže působit jako zdroj makro-struktury organismu, kterým je interakce atomů a molekul chovajících se podle (deterministických) zákonů. Tyto zákony působí stejně uvnitř těla i mimo něj. Ještě méně může být podstatná forma odpovědná za konfiguraci vrstvy atomových jader, která se na životních funkcích jako taková vůbec nepodílí a energeticky tyto funkce velmi podstatně přesahuje. Z těchto a podobných důvodů byla idea hylemorfismu nahrazena polaritou subjektivity (mysli) a těla. Současná „organická“ škola (Varela, Jonas, Thompson, Spahn aj.) se snaží v aristotelském stylu sblížit ducha s přírodou poukazem na strukturní (formovou) jednotu živé bytosti. Je si však zároveň vědoma, že forma poukazuje na specifickou jednotu živé bytosti jen tehdy, je-li viděna „zvnitřku“ bytostí, jako jsme my – vtělené subjektivity s jejich qualii a moralii, která se pomocí „formy“ vyjádřit nedají. „Forma“ svou podstatou spadá do kategorie toho, co je popsatelné ve 3. osobě, a jako taková proto neřeší dnešní „těžký problém“ vztahu mysli a těla., A “strong” form of hylomorphism, according to which a living being is the metaphysical composition of a substantial form and of totally indeterminate first matter, is incompatible with modern natural science: the ability to have experiences, subjectivity, to differing degrees the basic property of the living, encounters not an indeterminate matter, but a matter already independently structured. A “soul” cannot function as the source of the macro-structure of an organism, which source is represented, instead, by the interaction of atoms and molecules that behave according to the same (deterministic) laws to which they are subjected outside the living body. Even less can the substantial form be responsible for the configuration at the level of atomic nuclei which do not take part, as such, in living functions and which, in terms of energy, vastly exceed such functions. For these and similar reasons, the idea of hylomorphism has been replaced by the polarity of subjectivity (mind) and body. The contemporary “organic” school (Varela, Jonas, Thompson, Spahn, and others) attempts, in the Aristotelean way, to bring mind closer to nature by pointing to the structural (formal) unity of a living being. This school is, however, conscious of the fact that a form can point to the specific unity of a living organism only if it is seen from “within” beings such as us – i.e. embodied subjectivities, with their qualia and moralia, which cannot be expressed by means of a “form”. Form, in the end, belongs to a category that is describable only in the third person, and therefore, as such, does not resolve today’s “hard problem” of the relation between mind and body., and Jiří Vácha.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
36. Je Tichého logika logikou?: O vztahu logické analýzy a dedukce
- Creator:
- Jiří Raclavský
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, filozofie, philosophy, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Tichého logika bývá někdy znevažována proto, že prý podceňuje dedukci – že se věnuje pouze logické analýze. Ukazuji, že tento názor je mylný. Logická analýza, tj. určení toho, které tzv. konstrukce výrazy vyjadřují, je k určení platnosti úsudků formulovaných v přirozeném jazyce nezbytná. Vyplývání je definováno jako určitý vztah mezi konstrukcemi, tedy jako mimojazyková záležitost. Platnost úsudků (složených z konstrukcí) se odvíjí od vlastností příslušných konstrukcí. Tyto vlastnosti vyobrazují derivační pravidla Tichého systému dedukce., It is sometimes objected that Tichý’s logic is not logic because it underestimates deduction – providing only a logical analysis of expressions. I argue that this opinion is wrong. First of all, detection of valid arguments (which are formulated in a language) requires logical analysis determining which semantical entities – Tichý’s constructions – are involved. Entailment is defined as an extralinguistic affair relating those constructions. The validity of arguments (composed of propositional constructions) stems from properties of the constructions. Such properties are displayed by the derivation rules of Tichý’s system of deduction., and Jiří Raclavský.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
37. Jego stanowisko w dziejach oświaty i filozofii w Polsce: rzecz napisana przez Maurycego Straszewskiego
- Creator:
- Jan Śniadecki and Straszewski, Maurycy
- Publisher:
- Akademia Umiejetności w Krakowie
- Format:
- print and 323 s., lxxvi.
- Type:
- text, volume, pojednání, model:monograph, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, Tisky (19. stol.), Śniadecki, Jan, 1756-1830, filozofové, filozofie, Polsko, 101-051, 101, (438), (049), 5, 12, and 094.5
- Language:
- Polish
- Description:
- Jan Śniadecki ; Maurycy Straszewski. and KČSN
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
38. K pojetí prostoru v Kantově spisu „O prvotním důvodu rozdílu směrů v prostoru“
- Creator:
- Jindřich Karásek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, filozofie, philosophy, absolutní prostor, směr v prostoru, inkongruentní protějšek, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- V příspěvku jde nejprve o otázku, zda Kant ještě ve svém spisku „O rozdílu směrů v prostoru“ z r. 1768 zastává Newtonovo pojetí prostoru, jak se to zdá naznačovat okolnost, že zde Kant mluví o „absolutním prostoru“. Autor se snaží ukázat, že tomu tak není, neboť termín „absolutní prostor“ je třeba interpretovat jinak než jako odkaz k Newtonovu pojetí prostoru. Ve druhé části se příspěvek věnuje hlavnímu tématu zmíněného spisku, jež je tvořeno Kantovou kritikou Leibnizova pojetí prostoru. Leibnizova koncepce se podle Kanta ukazuje jako neudržitelná, neboť se dostává do rozporu s fenomény, když nedokáže vysvětlit existenci inkongruentních protějšků, jakými jsou pravá a levá ruka., This article is firstly concerned with the question of whether Kant still holds Newton’s conception of space in his work Concerning the Distinction of the Directions in Space, as his reference to “absolute space” seems to suggest. The author attempts to show that this is not in fact the case since the term “absolute space” should not be interpreted as referring to Newton’s conception of space. In the second part of the article, the author focuses on the critique of Leibniz’s conception of space that is the main theme of Kant’s aforesaid work. Leibniz’s conception, in Kant’s view, is shown to be inadequate because it comes into conflict with phenomena by not being able to explain the existence of incongruent counterparts, such as right and left hands., and Jindřich Karásek.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
39. K problematike kultúrneho uznania Charlesa Taylora
- Creator:
- Solík, Martin
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, filozofie, philosophy, recognition, Charles Taylor, cultural recognition, identity, authenticity, politics of universalism, politics of difference, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- This article deals with the fundamental features of Taylor´s concept of recognition and considers some problem areas to which cultural recognition is relevant. Our identity is partly characterized by the recognition or the misrecognition - too often by the misrecognition - of others. The collapse of original social settings has brought a transition from honour to dignity, implying a redefinition of identity and authenticity. The period in which people from western society lived in their pre-determined settings, and with corresponding characters they were called to represent, has lost its relevance today. Taylor distinguishes between the politics of universalism and the politics of difference, both of which are based on the politics of this transition from honour to dignity. Taylor refers to context and particular sociability values, although the community’s perception does not reflect any overly-particularist tendencies. His thesis has universalist elements from which he derives normativity. Universal moral ontology is, according to Taylor’s thesis, a condition for particular values and standards in practice., Martin Solík., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
40. K problematizácii chápania autority u Hannah Arendtovej
- Creator:
- Peter Dinuš
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, filozofie, autorita, philosophy, authority, autoritářství, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Obsahom článku je kritika chápania autority u Hannah Arendtovej, podľa ktorej patrí k charakteristickým rysom moderného sveta kríza a následná strata autority. Simultánne s autoritou v jej chápaní ustupuje aj sloboda, ktorá je od začiatku 20. storočia vážne ohrozovaná totalitarizmom. Dôvod tvrdenia, že autoritu postihla kríza, ktorá spôsobila jej zánik, je skôr filozofický ako politický, je to relativizmus, skepticizmus a pesimizmus, aký sa objavil v západoeurópskom myslení od konca prvej svetovej vojny. Autoritu je však potrebné odvodzovať nie z ideovo-politickej tradície, ale z reálnych spoločenských podmienok. Musíme ju vnímať na pozadí diferencujúcej reality sveta vyznačujúcej sa spoločenskými protikladmi a bojmi, v ktorej snaha zakonzervovať svet tradičnou autoritou a náboženstvom musí nakoniec skončiť neúspechom. Autorita je tak vec relatívna a oblasti jej aplikácie sa menia v rôznych fázach spoločenského vývinu., The aim of the article is to criticise the concept of authority as presented by Hannah Arendt, who claims that crisis in, and subsequent loss of, authority are typical features of the modern world. The weakening of authority goes hand in hand with the retreat of freedom, which has been seriously jeopardised by totalitarianism since the early-20th century. The reason for the claim that authority is afflicted by crisis, causing its demise, is more philosophical than political; this mixture of relativism, scepticism and pessimism began to take shape in Western European thought after World War II. However, authority should be derived not from an ideological or political tradition, but from real social conditions. It must be seen against the background of the diverging reality of the world characterized by social contradictions and struggles, in which an effort to bind the world by traditional authority and religion must ultimately fail. Yet, authority is a relative concept and so its scope of application varies in different stages of social development., and Peter Dinuš.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public