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272. Variation in male and female mating behaviour among different populations of the two-spot ladybird, Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
- Creator:
- Haddrill, Penelope R., M. E. N. Majerus, and Shuker, David M.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Coccinellidae, Adalia, mating behaviour, sexual selection, two-spot ladybird, UK population, Russian population, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- nvestigating the function of both male and female mating behaviours is essential in our attempts to understand the evolution of mating systems. Variation in mating behaviours among different populations within a species provides a useful opportunity to explore how behaviours may co-vary, although comparative studies are still rather few in number. Population variation in mating behaviour may also have important implications in terms of the evolution of reproductive isolation, the distribution of genetic diversity within and between populations, and the associated ability of those populations to adapt. Here we consider male and female mating behaviour in two populations of the two-spot ladybird, Adalia bipunctata, from the UK and Russia. We find that male and female mating behaviours differ between the populations in terms of the length of female rejection behaviour and the duration of mating, and that this variation is independent of which population an individual's mating partner is from. Our data confirm that patterns of sexual selection and reproductive behaviour are likely to vary across populations in the two-spot ladybird. The extent to which this variation is due to current ecological factors or population history remains to be verified for this species, as for many others., Penelope R. Haddrill, Michael E.N. Majerus, David M. Shuker., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
273. Variation in the colour of the necrophagous fly, Prochyliza nigrimana (Diptera: Piophilidae): A case of seasonal polymorphism
- Creator:
- Martín-Vega, Daniel and Baz, Arturo
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, melanism, seasonal polymorphism, Piophilidae, Prochyliza nigrimana, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The occurrence of colour polymorphism in wild populations of the necrophagous fly Prochyliza nigrimana (Diptera: Piophilidae) is recorded but never treated in detail. The present paper shows that there is a seasonal distribution in the morphotypes, with the dark morphs emerging in spring and pale morphs emerging later and most abundant in summer. Furthermore, different proportions of each morph occur along altitudinal gradients, with dark morphs significantly more abundant at low altitudes, where mean temperatures are warmer than at high altitudes where the pale coloured morphs were more abundant. Explanations based on the adaptive value of thermal melanism are discussed. and Daniel Martín-Vega, Arturo Baz.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
274. Variations in the ultrastructure of the flight muscles of the polymorphic cricket, Gryllus firmus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
- Creator:
- Jiang, Cheng-Ji, Zhang, Bao-Chang, Chen, Wen-Feng, Zhang, Qing-Wen, Zhao, Zhang-Wu, An, Chun-Ju, and Li, Jie-Ping
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllus firmus, flight muscle, ultrastructure, juvenile hormone, Transmission Electron, Microscope, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Although there is a considerable amount of information on the ecology, genetics and physiology of life-history traits there is little information on the morphological variations associated with flight ability within species. In this paper, the morphology and ultrastructure of certain organelles in the flight muscles of Gryllus firmus are recorded using transmission electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of the flight muscles of 7-day-old female adults reveals that the ratio of thick to thin filaments is 1 : 3. Each thick filament is surrounded by 6 thin filaments in a hexagonal arrangement. The length of the sarcomere of each myofibril is significantly shorter and diameter of the myofibrils significantly smaller in long-winged than in short-winged morphs. However, the thick filaments in the long-winged morph are denser than those in the short-winged morph. Furthermore, in the long winged morph there are a greater number of mitochondria than in the short-winged morph. These differences correspond with the fact that long-winged crickets are stronger fliers than short-winged crickets., Cheng-Ji Jiang ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
275. Včela: její stavba a vnitřní ústrojnost : názorné vyobrazení (s obrazy rozkladnými) a krátký vysvětlující text
- Creator:
- Bauše, Bohumil
- Publisher:
- nákladem Českého lidového knihkupectví a antikvariátu (Josef Springer)
- Format:
- print, text, regular print, and 20 s., obrazový model : il.
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- 595.799, 59, 2, včely, včela medonosná, anatomie, orgány[anat.], and Zoologie
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- pro všechy milovníky a pěstitele včel po česku spracoval Boh. Bauše and Converted from MODS 3.5 to DC version 1.8 (EE patch 2015/06/25)
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
276. Vertical stratification and microhabitat selection by the Great Capricorn Beetle (Cerambyx cerdo) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in open-grown, veteran oaks
- Creator:
- Albert, Jan, Platek, Michal, and Cizek, Lukas
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Cerambycidae, Cerambyx cerdo, dead wood, NATURA 2000, Quercus, saproxylic, longhorned beetle, xylophagous, woodland, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The great capricorn beetle or Cerambyx longicorn (Cerambyx cerdo, Linnaeus, 1758) is an internationally protected umbrella species representing the highly diverse and endangered fauna associated with senescent oaks. For the conservation and monitoring of populations of C. cerdo it is important to have a good knowledge of its microhabitat requirements. We investigated determinants and patterns of C. cerdo distribution within individual old, open-grown oaks. Trees inhabited by this species were climbed, and the number of exit holes and environmental variables recorded at two sites in the Czech Republic. Distribution of exit holes in relation to height above the ground, trunk shading by branches, orientation in terms of the four cardinal directions, diameter, surface and volume of inhabited tree parts were investigated. This study revealed that the number of exit holes in the trunks of large open-grown oaks was positively associated with the diameter of the trunk and openness and negatively with height above the ground, and the effects of diameter and openness changed with height. The number of exit holes in the surface of a trunk was also associated with the cardinal orientation of the surface. Approximately half of both C. cerdo populations studied developed less than 4 m and approximately a third less than 2 m above the ground. This indicates that most C. cerdo develop near the ground. Active management that prevents canopy closure is thus crucial for the survival of C. cerdo and searching for exit holes is an effective method of detecting sites inhabited by this species., Jan Albert, Michal Platek, Lukas Cizek., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
277. Vibratory territorial signals in caterpillars of the poplar lutestring, Tethea or (Lepidoptera: Drepanidae)
- Creator:
- Scott, Jaclyn L. and Yack, Jayne E.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, leaf shelter, Drepanidae, Thyatirinae, Tethea or, larva, defense, vibration, communication, mandible scraping, territory, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Caterpillars of the poplar lutestring moth, Tethea or, construct leaf shelters that they defend against intruding conspecifics using a combination of vibratory signals and physical aggression. Staged interactions between a resident caterpillar and introduced conspecific were recorded with a video camera and laser vibrometer. Residents crawl towards the intruder and perform three behaviours: lateral hitting, pushing, and mandible scraping. Vibrations caused by mandible scraping result from the caterpillar repeatedly scraping opened mandibles laterally against the leaf surface in bouts lasting 1.16 ± 0.39 s, with an average of 4 ± 1 scrapes per bout. We propose that these scrapes function in leaf shelter defense against conspecifics for the following reasons: Mandible scrapes are produced only by residents; they are generated when a resident is approached by an intruder; the rate of scraping increases as the intruder approaches the shelter; and residents in all trials retain their shelters, with the intruder leaving the leaf within 127.9 ±104.3s from the beginning of the trial. The function and evolutionary origins of vibration-mediated territoriality in caterpillars are discussed. and Jaclyn L. Scott, Jayne E. Yack.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
278. Vývoj opalin
- Creator:
- František Schuster
- Publisher:
- Nákladem jubilejního fondu Král. České Společnosti Náuk,
- Format:
- print, svazek, and 62 stran : obrazová příloha.
- Type:
- text, volume, pojednání, essays, model:monograph, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, parazitické organismy, prvoci, parasitic organisms, Protozoa, Stramenopila, opalinky, Astomata, Aspirotricha, Opalinata, Opalinea, 576.8, 593.1, (049), 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- sepsal František Schuster.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
279. Význam ptactva pro ochranu zemědělských kultur a ochranu lesa
- Creator:
- Farský, Octavianus
- Publisher:
- Fytopathologická sekce výzkumného ústavu zemědělského Brno
- Format:
- print, text, regular print, and 18 s.
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, ptáci, ochrana rostlin, ochrana lesů, zemědělství, lesnictví, škůdci živočišní, hmyz škodlivý, hubení, 598.2, 632, 630.41, 2, 59, and UH01
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Octavianus Farský and Zvl. otisk "Zemědělského archivu" roč. 1923, č.3-4
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
280. Warchalowski, A.: The palaearctic chrysomelidae. Identification Keys. Vol. 1 & Vol. 2
- Creator:
- Bezděk, J.
- Type:
- article, recenze, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- [autor recenze] J. Bezděk.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public