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Start Over Rights http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Subject city

1. Horní vrstva měšťanské společnosti v domácí historiografii pozdního středověku a raného novověku: Nástin vývoje terminologie a dalších směrů bádání

Creator:
Josef Kadeřábek
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Demografie. Populace, historická demografie, historical demography, Notables, elites, patriciate, townsmen, city, 18, and 314
Language:
Czech
Description:
The study aims at presenting the development of research on the upper level of bourgeois society in Czech historiography. It focuses on the comparison of crucial terms used in these discussions, such as patriciate, notables and elites., Josef Kadeřábek., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

2. Species diversity and nestedness of ant assemblages in an urban environment

Creator:
Slipinski, Piotr, Zmihorski, Michal, and Czcechowski, Wojciech
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Formicidae, biodiversity conservation, city, nestedness, redundancy analysis, urban pressure, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Ant assemblages were studied in Warsaw in the context of the effects of urban pressure. Four types of urban greenery were selected: (1) green areas bordering streets, (2) in housing estates, and (3) in parks, and (4) patches of urban woodland. In total, there were 27 species of ants. In terms of the total ant activity density, Lasius niger predominated in all the the lawn biotopes (1–3) and Myrmica rubra in the wooded areas. Ant species diversity was highest in parks and wooded areas and lowest in green areas bordering streets. In contrast, activity density was highest in green areas bordering streets and lowest in wooded areas. Some species are found only in a few habitats. Stenamma debile, Lasius brunneus, L. fuliginosus and Temnothorax crassispinus almost exclusively occurred in wooded areas, whereas L. niger was most often found in lawn biotopes. Myrmica rugulosa and Tetramorium caespitum were most abundant in green areas bordering streets, while in parks Lasius flavus, Formica cunicularia and Solenopsis fugax were most abundant. In general, the ant assemblages recorded showed a significantly nested pattern, with biotope type being a significant determinant of nestedness. The assemblages found in green areas in housing estates and bordering streets constituted a subsample of the assemblages in parks and wooded areas. Ant species were non-randomly distributed in this urbanized landscape and the species recorded in the most transformed biotopes constitute subsamples of those inhabiting less transformed biotopes. This finding emphasizes the importance of wooded areas for the maintenance of biodiversity in urban areas., Piotr Slipinski, Michal Zmihorski, Vojciech Czechowski., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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