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477144. Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) detected in Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius) (Ixodidae)

Creator:
Wójcik-Fatla, Angelina, Sroka, Jacek, Zając, Violetta, Sawczyn, Anna, Cisak, Ewa, and Dutkiewicz, Jacek
Format:
electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
toxoplazmóza, klíšťata, toxoplasmosis, ticks, Polsko, Poland, vectors, PCR, RFLP-PCR, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The aim of the present work was to determine whether Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius), tick species common in eastern Poland could be infected with Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908). A total of 664 unfed D. reticulatus ticks were collected from six localities of Lublin province (eastern Poland) within the framework of study for the presence of bacterial, viral and parasitological infections, with use of PCR and confirmed by sequencing analysis. The prevalence of T. gondii DNA of B1 gene in the total examined D. reticulatus ticks was 3.2%. The infection varies greatly depending on the locality of tick collection (0-16.7%). Preliminary identification of clonal type (I or II/III) by Restriction Fragments Length Polymorphism PCR (RFLP-PCR) with use B1 gene showed that all isolates of T. gondii belonged to type I. RFLP analysis using genetic markers SAG1, 5'-SAG2, 3'-SAG2, SAG3, and GRA6 on B1-positive samples showed that only a single isolate proved to be type I with all five markers, another type was classified to type I according to four markers, while another five isolates had only type I alleles at GRA6, which cannot be regarded as type I confirmation. It must be pointed out that the used DNA isolation method by boiling with ammonium hydroxide enables to receive the total DNA from ticks, but may be not quite suitable for genotyping. In conclusion, this study indicates that besides Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus), also D. reticulatus should be considered as a potential vector of T. gondii. The presumption of tick-borne transmission as an alternative pathway of disease spreading could well explain the high prevalence of toxoplasmosis among the herbivorous mammals and birds. However, this hypothesis needs verification by further experimental and ecological studies., Angelina Wójcik-Fatla, Jacek Sroka, Violetta Zając, Anna Sawczyn, Ewa Cisak, Jacek Dutkiewicz., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

477145. Toxoplasma gondii RPL40 is a circulating antigen with immune protection effect

Creator:
Xue, Junxin , Jiang, Wei , Li, Jian , Xiong, Wei , Tian, Zhengan , Zhang, Qiang , Li, Shuqing , Liu, Chunfeng , Huang, Kehe , and Wang, Quan
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
protein expression, subcellular localisation, and protective effect
Language:
English
Description:
Screening and identification of protective antigens are essential for the prevention of infections with Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908). In our previous study, T. gondii ribosomal-ubiquitin protein L40 (TgRPL40) was identified as a circulating antigen. However, the function and protective value of TgRPL40 was unknown. In the current study, recombinant TgRPL40 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and antibody was prepared. Western blotting analysis indicated that TgRPL40 was present in circulating antigens and excretory/secretary antigens (ESA). Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy analysis revealed that TgRPL40 protein is widely distributed in the tachyzoites. Immunisation with recombinant TgRPL40 prolonged the survival of mice infected with tachyzoites. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that immunisation with recombinant TgRPL40 reduced the parasite burden in blood, liver, spleen and brain of mice infected with tachyzoites. These observations indicate that TgRPL40 is a circulating antigen and is an effector of immune protection against acute T. gondii infection.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

477146. Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and substance use in US adults

Creator:
Berrett, Andrew N, Gale, Shawn D, Erickson, Lance D, Thacker, Evan L, Brown, Bruce L, and Hedges, Dawson W
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
toxoplazmóza, tabák, alkoholy, marihuana, kokain, heroin, pervitin, užívání drog, toxoplasmosis, tobacco, alcohols, marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, drug abuse, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) infects humans resulting in acute toxoplasmosis, an infection that in immunocompetent people is typically mild but results in persistent latent toxoplasmosis. In that T. gondii appears to affect dopamine synthesis and because addicting drugs affect midbrain dopamine transmission, latent toxoplasmosis could influence substance use. Using both the third and continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we used logistic regression to test for associations between T. gondii seropositivity and subject self-report of having ever used tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, heroin, or methamphetamine. In the third NHANES dataset, which included data for tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and cocaine, T. gondii seropositivity was associated with a reduced likelihood of self-reported marijuana (OR = 0.71 [95% CI: 0.58; 0.87]; p = 0.001) and cocaine use (OR = 0.72 [95% CI: 0.56; 0.91]; p = 0.006). In the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys dataset, which included data for all six substances, T. gondii seropositivity was associated with a reduced likelihood of self-reported tobacco (OR = 0.87 [95% CI: 0.76; 1.00]; p = 0.044), marijuana (OR = 0.60 [95% CI: 0.50; 0.72]; p < 0.001), heroin (OR = 0.60 [95% CI: 0.42; 0.85]; p = 0.005) and methamphetamine use (OR = 0.54 [95% CI: 0.38; 0.77]; p = 0.001). We observed interactions between sex and T. gondii seropositivity in the prediction of self-reported use of tobacco and alcohol. Further, T. gondii seropositivity appeared to remove the protective effect of education and economic status against self-reported cigarette smoking. These findings suggest that T. gondii seropositivity may be inversely associated with some but not all types of substance use in US adults., Andrew N. Berrett, Shawn D. Gale, Lance D. Erickson, Evan L. Thacker, Bruce L. Brown, Dawson W. Hedges., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

477147. Toxoplasmosis in Nigeria: the story so far (1950-2016): a review

Creator:
Ohiolei, John Asekhaen and Isaac, Clement
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
toxoplazmóza, živočichové, životní prostředí, toxoplasmosis, animals, environment, Nigérie, Nigeria, Toxoplasma gondii, seroprevalence, humans, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Toxoplasmosis is caused by intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908). Cats and other felids are the definitive hosts. It could be transmitted to man and animals by consumption of infected undercooked meat and contaminated food items including drinking water. Results of toxoplasmosis epidemiological surveys in animals and humans in South-West, North-West, North-East and North-Central Zones of Nigeria have been reported with greater impact on the health of pregnant women and HIV-infected individuals. Meanwhile, studies in states within the South-South and South-East Zones are relatively scanty or non-existent. Overall, the seroprevalence of human toxoplasmosis in Nigeria is estimated at 32% with the following reports for North-West (32%), North-East (22%), North-Central (24%) and South-West (37%). Information on the genetic diversity of isolates of T. gondii in humans and animals including the role of the environment in transmission and maintenance of the disease are highly needed., John Asekhaen Ohiolei, Clement Isaac., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

477150. Toxoplazmóza

Creator:
Tomková, Jana, Novotný, Dalibor, Bednaříková, J., and Schneiderka, Petr
Type:
model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
Subject:
toxoplazmóza--diagnóza--epidemiologie--prevence a kontrola, kongenitální toxoplazmóza--diagnóza--epidemiologie--prevence a kontrola, Toxoplasma--izolace a purifikace--patogenita, polymerázová řetězová reakce--metody, ELISA, komplement fixační testy, lidé, těhotenství, and ženské pohlaví
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Toxoplazmóza je velmi častá parazitární infekce, způsobená prvokem Toxoplasma gondii. Onemocnění má většinou benigní průběh, ale závažné komplikace mohou nastat v případě přenosu infekce z matky na plod během gravidity nebo v důsledku reaktivace latentní infekce u imunodefi citních osob. Nejčastější způsob nákazy je konzumace nedostatečně tepelně zpracovaného masa obsahujícího tkáňové cysty. Diagnóza může být stanovena na základě sérologických metod, polymerázové řetězové reakce (PCR), histologie nebo izolace prvoka Toxoplasma gondii., Toxoplasmosis is a very frequent parasitic infection, caused by protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. The course of infection is generally benign, but serious complications can occur after vertical transmission from mother to fetus during pregnancy or reactivation of latent infection in persons with immunodefi ciency. The most frequent way of infection is consumption of uncooked meat containing viable tissue cysts. The diagnosis may be established by serologic tests, polymerase chain reaction, histology, or by isolation of protozoan Toxoplasma gondii., Tomková Jana, Novotný D., Bednaříková J., Schneiderka P., and Lit.:31
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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