The microanatomy of several oribatid and one acaridid mite was studied to determine the role of free cells (haemocytes) in mites. Mites from the field as well as laboratory cultures were observed and analyzed histologically using Masson triple stain. The mites were offered various foods and kept in fluctuating moisture conditions. The presence of haemocytes was significantly correlated with the transport between internal organs of various substance. Three types of transport were recorded: (i) enzymes into the alimentary tract, including the incorporation of haemocytes into the gut walls. This process seemed to be correlated with the amount and type of food and frequently with the presence of internal extraintestinal bacteria associated with mesenchyma; (ii) metabolites, like guanine from mesenchyma into the alimentary tract followed by expulsion from the body via the gut. This process is correlated with food of high nitrogen content or dry conditions; (iii) resorption of nutrients from eggs during an induced quiescent state under unfavourable conditions by small haemocytes.
This article deals with pairs of synonymous words in Tamil. These pairs are very frequent in modern Tamil but only a few words constituting these pairs can be considered complete synonyms. Most of them differ in meaning, emotive charge or source of origin. The pairs are arranged into several major groups according to their nature and then commented upon. The article also touches upon the question of the function of these pairs in the language.
The name Carex muricata subsp. lamprocarpa “Čelak.” (1879) is frequently used in floras for C. pairae F. W. Schultz when it is treated as a subspecies of C. muricata L. However, the combination C. muricata var. lamprocarpa was published by Wallroth in 1822. The corresponding specimen in Wallroth’s collection in PR, studied by L. Čelakovský and designated here as a lectotype, is C. muricata as it has the characteristic shiny utricles. So the combination C. muricata subsp. pairae (F. W. Schultz) Čelak. (1870) has to be used.
The present study concentrates on the problem of tactile experience, drawing on Merleau-Ponty’s investigations in Phenomenology of Perception. We follow the most important sources of inspiration of Merleau-Ponty’s analyses of tactile phenomena (David Katz, Erwin Straus) and point out especially the diff erences between them in order to reach a deeper understanding of Merleau-Ponty’s conception of touch a to create a basis for our own development of the given problem. This development consists in showing the correspondence between the constitution of tactile phenomena and the corporeal "synergic unity", and also in refl ecting upon touch as a borderline bodily experience. and Die vorliegende Studie befasst sich mit der Problematik der taktilen Erfahrung in Anknüpfung an die Forschungsarbeit Maurice Merleau-Ponty in Phänomenologie der Wahrnehmung. Sie verfolgt die wichtigen Inspirationsquellen in Merleau-Pontys Gedanken über taktile Phänomene (David Katz, Erwin Straus), wobei das Hauptaugenmerk auf die jeweiligen Unterschiede gelegt wird, um einen tieferen Einblick in Merleau-Pontys Konzept des Fühlens zu erlangen und die Bedingungen für eine eigene Entwicklung dieses Themas zu schaff en. Diese besteht im Aufzeigen des Zusammenhangs zwischen taktilen Phenomenen mit der leiblichen „synergischen Einheit“ und in diesem Zusammenhang in der Darlegung des Fühlens als Grenzerfahrung des menschlichen Leibes.
Small typographic elements such as pilcrows, pointing fingers, and type-ornaments optically separated the typeset and helped the reader to grasp the text. The latter also boosted the aesthetic quality of the printed work. However, whether such material occurs in a book and to what extent varies with time, genre, and printing house. Any specific use reflects not only the typesetter practice but can also indicate the intentions of the particular printer (printing house) or reading habits of the intended readership. Considering that the Brethren bishops carefully scrutinised and supervised every edition printed in their illegal printing house in Ivančice (South Moravia), one can assume a thoughtful and discreet attitude towards the content, likewise the typography. The present study explores the visual practices adopted by the Brethren for the typesetting of hymnbooks, Bibles, and confessions. The aim is to provide a detailed account of the design and function of the Brethren pilcrows and printers’ ornaments based on a typography analysis of all known pieces printed between 1562-1578 on the Brethren press. The results provide strong evidence that the Brethren developed a sophisticated typographical system to strengthen and partly to reform the Brethren liturgy. The unique way of the Brethren for marking stanzas and repetition within the printed hymns using pilcrows and “trefoil” is an entirely new finding. Whatsmore, a comparison of the Brethren’s book with similar production published by the local printers indicates unprecedented precision of the Brethren’s typesetters devoted to the graphic design of the liturgical texts (hymnbooks, Bibles). Considering the extant historical sources, the outcomes presented here indicate a systematic effort to implement a unified order into Brethren liturgy urged by the leading Brethren bishops., Veronika Sladká., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Studie se zabývá antisociálním chováním adolescentů školní mládeže v městských oblastech, jeho typologií a vztahu k návykovým látkám. Výzkumný soubor tvořili žáci sedmých a devátých tříd základních škol, resp. jejich ekvivalenty na jiných typech škol, v krajských městech České republiky, který byl získán v rámci mezinárodního projektu SAHA. Soubor čítal celkem 2973 osob, přičemž kohorta 12letých čítala 1447 osob (54 % dívek) a kohorta 14letých 1526 osob (53 % dívek). Nehierarchickou shlukovou analýzou (k-means) na položkách škály antisociálního chování jsme identifikovali 4 typy osob. Typologii jsme validizovali pomocí vztahů k návykovým látkám (cigarety, alkohol, marihuana a tvrdé drogy); čím vyšší míru antisociálního chování osoby vykazovaly, tím více také vypovídaly o užívání návykových látek.
The article deals with the typology of Baroque frontispieces in printed books published in Bohemian and Moravian printing houses in 1618-1765, which is viewed in terms of the function of the frontispieces in printing. The paper contains a detailed analysis of the main thematic variants of frontispieces. The thematic variants are analysed with respect to the content and genre of the work concerned with the aim to determine the main marketing strategies of Bohemian and Moravian printers, publishers or booksellers in the visual promotion of their products., Hana Beránková., Obsahuje anglický abstrakt a shrnutí., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The paper studies the typology of the initials following the way of construction of their corpus in the mutual ties in the development – departing from the late antique, considering the Byzantine and Pre-Romanesque and Romanesque types. The modifications of the initials are studied together with the changes of their function in the decoration system and in the cultural-historical context. The contribution also studies the changes of the terminology connected with the typology of the initials.