Odbornou i laickou veřejnost nedávno vzrušila zpráva, že ve Spojených státech amerických došlo k detekci gravitačních vln v observatoři Advanced LIGO, což je soustava optických interferometrů navržená právě k tomuto účelu. Náš příspěvek seznamuje čtenáře s Advanced LIGO jako optickým přístrojem a ukazuje, jak se optické technologie, původně vyvinuté pro toto unikátní zařízení, uplatňují jinde., Academia and the general public were recently excited by the news that gravitational waves were detected in the Advanced LIGO observatory (USA). LIgo is a set of optical interferometers designed for the propose of gravitational wave detection. This contribution informs readers with regard to the Advanced LIGO as an optical device and shows how optical technologies, originally developed for this unique device, are applied in other fields of research and development., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Přednáška u příležitosti udělení Nobelovy ceny za fyziku za rok 2014., The 2014 Nobel Prize for Physics was shared to Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura. These three articles contain the text of the address given in conjunction with the award., Isamu Akasaki., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Many fundamental processes in chemistry and biology occur on extremely short time scales inaccessible by conventional analytical methods. Here we show how femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy reveals intimate details of key molecular processes such as electron or energy transfer. We describe in detail experimental set-up and discuss various parameters necessary to obtain desired information. Application of the method is demonstrated on peridinin-chlorophyll protein from marine photosynthetic organisms, in which we follow dynamics of energy transfer between carotenoids and chlorophylls., Petr Hříbek, Marcel Fuciman, Pavel Chábera, Tomáš Polívka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The Tevatron accelerator built and operated in Fermilab (Batavia, Illinois) was the most powerfull machine in the world for almost three decades. However, its mission ended when the LHC (Large Hadron Collider, CERN) came into operation. Tevatron was finally shut down in September 2011. Despite its demise, its past results represent a significant chapter in the history of elementary particle physics. These results were also great use to the setting of LHC scientific goals., Urýchl'ovač Tevatron v laboratóriu Fermilab (Batavia, Illinois) bol po takmer tri desaťročia najvýkonnejším colliderom na svete, s nástupom LHC (Large Hadron Collider, CERN) v Ženeve boli jeho dni spočítané a koncom septembra 2011 ukončil svoju činnosť. Jeho výsledky sa zapísali do dejín fyziky a aj na ich základe sa formuloval fyzikálny program LHC. Tevatron slúžil od prvých zrážok úctyhodných 25 rokov a minulý rok odovzdal štafetu do Európy., Michal Marčišovský., and Obsahuje seznam literatury