Syndrom HELLP velmi závažná a život ohrožující komplikace, která je přímo vázána na těhotenství. Projevuje se nejčastěji bolestmi v pravém podžebří, bolestmi hlavy, neklidem ženy, nauzeou a typickými laboratorními nálezy. Práce popisuje případ rodičky po císařském řezu ve 38. týdnu gravidity pro HELLP-syndrom z pohledu ošetřovatelské péče. Klíčová slova: bolest – HELLP-syndrom – ošetřovatelská intenzivní péče, HELLP-syndrome is a serious and life-threatening complication during pregnancy and postpartum. It manifests itself most often pain in the right upper quadrant tenderness, headache, restlessness women, nausea and typical laboratory findings. The work describes the case of mothers after caesarean section at 38 weeks gestation for HELLP-syndrome and nursing care. Key words: HELLP-syndrome – nursing intensive care – pain, and Jana Šálková, Yvetta Vrublová
Císařský řez je po epiziotomii nejčastější porodnickou operací. Ve vyspělých státech císařský řez dosahuje až 21 % všech porodů. Na stoupajícím trendu se mimo jiné podílí zvýšený počet indikací císařského řezu po předchozím císařském řezu. Obava z děložní ruptury mnoho porodníků i těhotných odradí od pokusu o spontánní porod. Cílem toho článku je shrnout dostupné informace o významu ultrazvukových známek hrozící ruptury děložní, které by umožnily snazší rozhodování v tom, zda přikročit při ukončení těhotenství k vaginálnímu porodu po předchozím císařském řezu (VBAC – vaginal birth after cesarean section) nebo k elektivnímu opakovanému císařskému řezu (ERCS – elective repeat cesarean section)., Cesarean section is after episiotomy the most frequent surgical procedure in obstetrics. In many countries, cesarean section procedure has reached up to 21 % of deliveries. Recently the number of women undergoing ERCS (elective repeat cesarean section) has increased due to indication of a prior cesarean section in anamnesis with persisting decrease of a trial of vaginal birth. Uterine rupture discourages most of obstetricians in their decisions considering benefits and risks of VBAC (vaginal birth after cesarean section). Our aim is to summarize accessible data about considerable ultrasound markers of imminent uterine rupture in current pregnancy to encourage obstetricians and gravid women., and Adéla Faridová, Tomáš Fait
a1_This study aims to present the physician Johann Melitsch (1763–1837) as a courageous reformer who presented a specific alternative to the étatist model of healthcare reforms implemented by the Habsburg monarchy in the 18th century. As obstetrics was the focus of Melitsch’s reform activities, the paper also contributes to the broader issue of the professionalisation of obstetrics at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. In the 1780s, Joseph II decided to use the assets of the secularised monasteries and hospitals to form a state complex of various health and social care facilities in the capitals of the Habsburg “provinces”. Where conditions and proximity to the university allowed, the first real “clinics”, i.e. hospitals linked to the teaching of medicine (and therefore science), were established: this was the case, for example, in Vienna and Prague. General hospitals formed the core of these complexes; maternity hospitals were also built, primarily for unmarried mothers, to prevent infanticide, but also as a source of female bodies for young medical students, who otherwise generally did not have the opportunity to learn about pregnancy and childbirth. At the same time, a young doctor who had just finished medical school in Prague, the twenty-fouryear- old Johann Melitsch, the son of a cabinet-maker, decided to undertake another project: a Privatentbindungsanstalt, ie. private outpatient maternity clinic. It was designed for married but poor women and also offered the opportunity of midwifery practice to medical students. Thanks to a family inheritance and his wife’s dowry, he was indeed able to found such an institution. And with donations from wealthy patrons from the nobility, he was able to provide small financial rewards or medicines to his patients. His assistants were students. and a2_Melitsch later extended his outpatient care, which was also improved by the “district doctors”, to sick women and children in general and thus offered a counterpart to the “stationary” type of state general hospital. In 1793, he was finally appointed professor at the Prague Faculty of Medicine – but only after the intervention of Emperor Francis I himself, who also granted this institution a “public right”. In 1795 Melitsch drew up a proposal – also probably the first in the Habsburg monarchy – for health insurance for low-income segments of the population. However, this system was never put into practice. In this predominantly Catholic monarchy, where hospitals had hitherto operated mainly on a church or municipal basis and where there was a clear tendency in Melitsch’s time to create a purely state-run health service, this was an exceptional case. The paper is also a contribution to the broader issue of the professionalisation of midwifery at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. Besides that, Melitsch is considered to be the first doctor in the Czech lands to perform a successful caesarean section in which both mother and child survived.
Ultrazvukové vyšetrenie maternice po pôrode zahŕňa niektoré špecifiká, ktoré vyplývajú z rýchlo sa meniacich rozmerov maternice, ale aj compliance pacientky vo včasnom šestonedelí. Pri riešení popôrodných komplikácií je potrebné poznať normálny ultrazvukový nález, dynamické zmeny maternice v priebehu šestonedelia, aby sme vedeli lepšie rozpoznať patologický priebeh od normálneho priebehu šestonedelia. Klinický význam ultrazvukového posúdenia veľkosti maternice ako aj oblasti jazvy po cisárskom reze v priebehu šestonedelia doteraz nie je dostatočne popísaný. Prehľadový článok rozoberá špecifiká ultrazvukovej diagnostiky po vaginálnom pôrode a cisárskom reze. Autori článku prezentujú jednoduchú techniku vyšetrenia maternice po pôrode., Ultrasound examination of the uterus after delivery includes some features which result from rapidly changing dimensions of the uterus, but also patient compliance in the early puerperium. In dealing with postpartum complications is necessary to know the normal ultrasound findings, the dynamic changes in the uterus during the puerperium, so we can better recognize the pathological process during the normal puerperium. The clinical significance of ultrasound assessment of uterine size and the scar after Cesarean section during the puerperium have not been yet sufficiently described. Review article discusses the specifics of diagnostic ultrasound following vaginal delivery and Cesarean section. Authors of the article presents a simple technique of the uterus examination after childbirth., Erik Dosedla, Pavel Calda, and Literatura 42
Cíl práce: Podat přehled o diagnostických metodách a doporučených postupech pro vcestné cévy (vasa praevia) v těhotenství. Typ studie: Souhrnný článek. Metodika: Analýza dostupných literárních zdrojů. Závěr: Vasa praevia patří mezi závažné těhotenské komplikace s nízkou incidencí. Pokud nejsou vcestné cévy diagnostikovány prenatálně, představují vysoké riziko pro plod. Včasná prenatálně stanovená diagnóza významně snižuje perinatální morbiditu a mortalitu novorozence. Diagnostickou metodou volby je ultrasonografické vyšetření s použitím barevného dopplerovského zobrazení. V případě stanovení diagnózy vasa praevia prenatálně je doporučováno ukončení těhotenství elektivním císařským řezem dříve, než dojde k nástupu porodní činnosti nebo odtoku plodové vody., Objective: To report up–to date knowledge on diagnostic methods and recommended practices for vasa praevia in pregnancy. Study design: Review. Methods: Analysis of available literature resources. Conclusion: Vasa praevia is among the major pregnancy complications with a low incidence. If they are not diagnosed prenatally, pose a high risk to the fetus. Early prenatally established diagnosis significantly decrease perinatal morbidity and mortality of the newborn. The diagnostic method of choice is ultrasound scan using colour Doppler image. In the case of diagnosis of vasa praevia prenatally, it is recommended termination of the pregnancy by elective cesarean section before the onset of labor activity or rupture of membranes., and Andrea Galčíková