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131. Morava v časech markraběte Jošta. K 600. výročí zvolení posledního Lucemburka z moravské větve římským králem a jeho úmrtí, ed. Libor Jan

Creator:
Ondřej Schmidt
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
moravský markrabě, Jošt, asi 1354-1411, historiografie, panovnické dynastie, historiography, royal houses, Morava (Česko), Moravia (Czechia), 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech
Description:
[autor recenze] Ondřej Schmidt.
Rights:
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132. Na vlnách RFE: první syntéza k dějinám československé redakce Rádia Svobodná Evropa

Creator:
Petr Orság
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Radio Free Europe, historiografie, exilové instituce a organizace, vliv médií, historiography, exile intitutions and organisations, media influence, 8, and 93/94
Language:
Czech
Description:
Recenzent zasazuje knihu do kontextu současného bádání o dějinách Rádia Svobodná Evropa i Tomkovy vlastní historické práce, v níž představuje syntetické vyústění jeho dosavadního zájmu o dané téma. Přínos knihy podle recenzenta spočívá především ve shromáždění a přehledném utřídění bohaté faktografie, v menší míře také v jejích dílčích analýzách. Autor chronologicky sleduje vývoj rozhlasové stanice Svobodná Evropa, zejména její československé redakce, a zjišťuje také účinky jejího vysílání a vzájemnou interakci s domácím publikem za železnou oponou i reakce zdejších politických špiček. Svou prací tak zaplnil citelnou mezeru v české historiografii exilových médií a vytvořil důležitý základ pro další výzkum., The book under review, whose title translates as "The Czechoslovak Service of Radio Free Europe: Its Development and Influence on Czechoslovak History" is considered here in the context of current research on the history of Radio Free Europe and Tomek´s own work in which he presents a synthesis of his long-standing interest in the topic. The reviewer sees the contribution of the book chiefly in its briging rogerger and clearly soriting out a wide range of facts, and, to a lesser extent, its preliminary analyses. The author chronologically traces the development of Radio Free Europe, especially the Czechoslovak service, and also determines the effects of its broadcasts and the interaction with its audience at home behind the Iron Curtain as will aw amongst the top-level Czechoslovak politicians of the time. With this work, he has filled a palpable gap in the Czech historiography of mass media in exile, and has established an important basis for further research., [autor recenze] Petr Orság., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
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133. Národopisná společnost na prahu třetího tisíciletí

Creator:
Veselská, Jiřina and Štěpán, Pavel
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
historiography, the Ethnographic Society, and ethnographers
Language:
Czech
Description:
The Ethnographic Society has been working for more that one hundred years - since 1893. Its original name - Czechoslavonic Ethnographic Society - reflected the tendency of the period towards the Slavonic nations. The society played an important role in the successful presentation of ethnographic materials in the great Czechoslavonic Ethnographic Exhibition in 1895. These materials were aftewards stored in the Ethnographic Museum, opened in 1896 in Prague under the administration of L. Niederle. Since 1922 the collections have been in charge of the National Museum. - The Czechoslavonic Ethnographic Society has been publishing the (Czechoslavonic) Ethnographic Bulletin since 1897 and has been operating its own library. - Till the early 1960 the Czechoslavonic Ethnographic Society was the only voluntary organization in the field of ethnography and folklore studies. In 1956 its name was changed to Czechoslovak Ethnographic Society., Moreover, the other society, which associated especially professional ethnographers, was founded in 1958 under the name Society of Czechoslovak Ethnographers of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. In 1962 both societies merged into the Czechoslovac Ethnographic Society of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. The subjectivity of the Society and its financial resources were reduced, but both its members and correspondents continued in their work and the Buleltin was published regularly. - Since 1993 (after the split of Czechoslovakia) the Society is called Ethnographic Society. New statutes of the organization were accepted in 1999. The supreme executive body of the Society is formed by the general assembly, the central committee has nine members. The society publishes the Ethnographic Bulletin and Newsletter of the Ethnographic Socety. It also organizes scientific conferences and it evaluates the most outstanding events in the field. It financially supports research activities (even of students). The society has 242 members and 185 correspondents., and Anglický abstrakt s šifrrou (št) uveden na str. 192-13.
Rights:
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135. Nedožité devadesátiny Milana Otáhala

Creator:
Oldřich Tůma
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
historiografie, historici, vědecká práce, historiography, historians, scientific work, 8, and 93/94
Language:
Czech
Description:
Milan Otáhal (1928-2017) byl předním historikem soudobých dějin Československa. V šedesátých letech byl vedoucím oddělení nejnovějších dějin v Historickém ústavu ČSAV, na začátku sedmdesátých let byl z ústavu propuštěn a vyloučen z KSČ. Patřil k prvním signatářům Charty 77 a působil v historickém samizdatu jako nezávislý historik. Od devadesátých let byla jeho vědecká činnost spjata s nově založeným akademickým Ústavem pro soudobé dějiny. Soustředil se v ní především na dějiny protirežimní opozice a společnosti v období 1969 až 1989 a na úlohu studentů a inteligence při změně politických poměrů na konci osmdesátých let. Těmto tématům věnoval řadu faktograficky bohatých a interpretačně osobitých publikací. Autor nekrologu připomíná hlavní badatelské přínosy Milana Otáhala pro poznání a pochopení nejnovějších československých dějin a zdůrazňuje, že patřil k těm historikům, kteří svou dobu nejen intelektuálně reflektovali, ale také intenzivně prožívali a spoluvytvářeli., Milan Otáhal (1928-2017) was a leading historian studying the contemporary history of Czechoslovakia. In the 1960s, he was the head of the Department of Modern History of the Historical Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences; in the early 1970s, he lost his job at the institute and was expelled from the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. He was one of the first signatories of Charter 77 and was active in the historical samizdat as an independent historian. Since 1990 his scientific activity was connected with the newly established Institute for Contemporary History. His main focus was the history of the anti-regime opposition and of the society between 1969 and 1989, and the role if students and intelligentsia in the change of the political situation in the end of the 1980s. He wrote a number of factographically rich and interpretationally distinctive publications on these topics. The author of the obituary mentions principal contributions of Milan Otáhal to the knowledge and understanding of Czechoslovakia´s most recent history, emphasizing that he was a historian who was not only intellectually reflecting the period he was living in, but who was also intensively experiencing and co-creating it., Oldřich Tůma., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
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136. Nové pojetí dějin studené války v anglosaské historiografii. Analýza základních tendencí a přístupů tzv. New Cold War History

Creator:
Beneš, Ladislav and Miller, Sean
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
New Cold War History, Cold War, historiography, and Odd Arne Westad
Language:
Czech
Description:
The study aims to present the main theoretical foundation of a new type of Cold War historiography, so-called New Cold War History, the origin of which was significantly contributed to by the work of the Norwegian historian Odd A. Westad. The subject of interest is the analysis of the starting points of this type of research and its comparison with the traditional methods of the history of the Cold War. There is also an outline of its basic development trends and inspirations in the field of cultural and transnational history. In the conclusion, the most important objects of research are described, for which the use of theoretical knowledge of New Cold War History seems appropriate, and there is a basic typology of the primary feature of this new way of researching the Cold War, i.e., the contact of actors through the Iron Curtain.
Rights:
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137. Occupation, friendly assistance, devastation: the Soviet army, 1968-1991, in the memory of the Czech people

Creator:
Černá, Marie
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
historiography and Czech memory
Language:
English
Description:
In this article, the author raises the question of what now, more than twenty years later, the ''stay'' (pobyt, as it was offi cially called), of the Soviet Army in Czechoslovakia means to the inhabitants of the country. How, she asks, is it recalled in the public space and the mass media, and what images are most frequently evoked in this connection? Whereas the Soviet-led intervention by troops of the Warsaw Pact countries in August 1968 holds a lasting place in Czech memory and historiography, the subsequent stay of Soviet troops in the country has far fuzzier contours. Though in this connection the term ''occupation'' (okupace) is regularly used today, there is no simple agreement about its political meaning. In the article, the author seeks to indentify the changes in the communicated meanings of the occupation, when the original nation-wide consensus of its rejection was squeezed out by the reality of offi cially imposed friendship and the ''twinning'' (družba) of Czechoslovak and Soviet towns. Under its façade, by contrast, people developed variously accented and motivated attitudes, such as keeping their distance or being accommodating, the plurality of which has largely survived in the collective memory unchallenged to this day. The author, however, points mainly to the fundamental shift in the perception of the stay of the Soviet Army, which took place after the Changes beginning in mid-November 1989, when, the degradation of the buildings occupied by the Soviets and the land that they stand on, and the gradual rectifi cation of this, have become the main topics, rather than related aspects of political power.
Rights:
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138. Ochuzená biografie zakladatele Církve československé

Creator:
Marek Šmíd
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
historiografie, stát a církev, husitská teologie, historiography, church and state, hussite theology, 8, and 93/94
Language:
Czech
Description:
Recenzent nahlíží na první biografii kněze, teologa a církevního reformátora Karla Farského (1880-1927) značně kriticky. Farský se po vzniku Československa zapojil do reformního hnutí v katolické církvi a v roce 1920 založil novou Církev československou (později přejmenovanou na Církev československou husitskou), podle recenzenta však byl složitější a zajímavější osobností, než je z knihy patrné. Autor líčí celý jeho život a soustředí se především na jeho roli při utváření a etablování nové církve, nevěnoval však dostatečnou pozornost řadě důležitých souvisejících témat, a navíc svůj životopis pojal spíše jako hagiografii než jako kritický portrét. Recenzent upozorňuje také na dosti omezenou škálu využitých zdrojů a nezanedbatelné faktografické i textové nedostatky., The reviewer´s opinion of the first biography of priest, theologian and church reformist Karel Farský (1880-1927), titled Dr. Karel Farský: The first pariarch of the Czechoslovak (Hussite) Church, is rather critical. Since the formation of Czechoslovakia, Farský joined the reformist movement within the Catholic Church and established a new Czechoslovak Church (later renamed Czechoslovak Hussite Church) in 1920. However, the reviewer believes Farský was a more complex and interesting personality than the book actually shows. The author depicts Farský´s life in its entirety, concentrating predominantly on his role in the formation and establishment of the new church, but has not paid enough attention to a number of related issues and, in addition, his biography of Farský is a hagiography rather than a critical portrait. The reviewer also notices a fairly limited list of sources and appreciable factual and text deficiencies., and [autor recenze] Marek Šmíd.
Rights:
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140. Od pouliční šmeliny ke ''strýčkům ze Západu'': černý trh pozdního socialismu v česko-německém kontextu

Creator:
Havlík, Adam
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
1971-1980, 1981-1990, socialismus, historiografie, trestné činy, socialism, historiography, crimes, Československo, Německá demokratická republika, Czechoslovakia, Germany (East), černý trh, 8, and 93/94
Language:
Czech
Description:
Studie se zabývá černým trhem v sedmdesátých a osmdesátých letech minulého století v Československé socialistické republice a Německé demokratické republice v komparativní perspektivě. Nejprve stručně charakterizuje společenské podmínky socialistických diktatur, které existenci černého trhu podmiňovaly a v nichž se mohl úspěšně reprodukovat. Poté se snaží identifikovat, jaké společné znaky v rámci podloudného obchodování se v obou zemích vyskytovaly a jaká lokální specifika určovala jejich odlišnost. Autor svou pozornost zaměřuje hlavně na dva segmenty tehdejšího černého trhu - podloudné obchodování se zahraničním spotřebním zbožím a devizovou trestnou činnost. Přibližuje, kteří historičtí aktéři byli hybateli černého trhu a s jakým zbožím se přednostně obchodovalo. V Československu se narozdíl od východního Německa vyvinula specifická společenská vrstva takzvaných veksláků, která měla na lokálním černém trhu silné postavení a těžila z prodeje valut, tuzexových poukázek či spotřebního zboží. V Německé demokratické republice jako zprostředkovatelé při opatřování nedostatkového zboží sloužily především rodinné kontakty a známosti v sousední Spolkové republice. Přesto se i zde vytvořily organizované sítě podloudných obchodníků, mezi nimiž zaujímali výsadní postavení občané Polské lidové republiky, především díky svým možnostem poměrně volného cestování do zahraničí, a spoluutvářeli tak ráz černého trhu v NDR., This article compares and contrasts the black markets in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic and the German Democratic Republic in the 1970s and 1980s. It first briefly discusses the social conditions of the Communist dictatorships, which determined the existence, and successful reproduction, of the black market. It then seeks to identify the common features in illegal trade in the two countries and also those specific to only one country or the other. The author focuses mainly on two sectors of the black market at that time - namely, the illegal trade in foreign consumer goods and the criminal exchange of hard currency. He discusses the figures who were the driving forces in the black market, and the commodities which they preferred to deal in. In Czechoslovakia, unlike East Germany, a special social stratum of underhand moneychangers, called veksláci, had a strong position on the local black market, and profited from the sale of hard (Western) currency, coupons to the exclusive Tuzex shops (that had scarce Western goods), and consumer goods. In East Germany, it was mainly family members, friends, and acquaintances from West Germany who served as the middlemen in obtaining scarce goods. Nevertheless, there, too, organized networks of black-marketeers were formed, in which citizens of the People’s Republic of Poland occupied a privileged position, thanks mainly to the relative ease with which Poles could travel abroad; and they too influenced the nature of the East German black market., Adam Havlík., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
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