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32. Cleorodes Warren, 1894 does not belong in the tribe Boarmiini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
- Creator:
- Wiidalepp, Jaan, Tammaru, Toomas, Snäll, Niina, Ruohomäki, Kai, and Wahlberg, Niklas
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Taxonomy, morphology, molecular phylogeny, direct optimisation, Geometridae, Ennominae, Gnophini, Boarmiini, Bistonini, and Cleorodes lichenaria
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The geometrid genus Cleorodes is shown to belong in the tribe Gnophini (sensu lato) and not in Boarmiini as previously assumed. The conclusion is based on an analysis of morphological characters of a number of genera in these tribes. Moreover, the result is unambiguously supported by a phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence variation in three nuclear gene regions (segments D1 and D2 of 28S rRNA, and elongation factor 1α) and a mitochondrial gene, cytochrome oxidase-1. The phylogenetic hypothesis is based on a combined sequence data set, which was analysed using direct optimisation.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
33. Comparative description of males of two species of Achtheres von Nordmann, 1832 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Lernaeopodidae) infecting zander and European perch
- Creator:
- Piasecki, Wojciech, Sękowska-Jakubowska, Agnieszka, and Sobecka, Ewa
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- parasitic copepod, male, morphology, systematics, Achtheres sandrae, and Achtheres percarum
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Achtheres percarum von Nordmann, 1832 and Achtheres sandrae Gadd, 1901 (Lernaeopodidae) are common parasitic copepods infecting fishes in Eurasia. The former is specific to perch, Perca fluviatilis L., while the latter, to zander, Sander lucioperca (L.). Until recently these copepods have been regarded a single species. The present study was intended to analyse details of male morphology and provide their complete descriptions with differential diagnosis. Males of A. percarum and A. sandrae were collected from perch and zander at Lake Dąbie (north-western Poland). The males of A. sandrae are larger than those of A. percarum. They also differ in proportions of the first antenna, mandibular denticulation, structure of the first maxilla, and the armament of caudal ramus. The reported differences in male morphology constitute a conclusive confirmation of the separate identity of the two species.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
34. Comparative exploration of the morphological plasticity of Trichodina centrostrigeata (Peritrichia: Mobilida), ectoparasite from the gills of two tilapia species (Oreochromis niloticus and O. mossambicus) in a global context
- Creator:
- Islas-Ortega, Alma Gabriela, Marcotegui, Paula S., Basson, Linda, de Jager, Gerhard P., and Aguilar-Aguilar, Rogelio
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- ciliates, geometric morphometry, Fourier analysis, Trichodinidae, and morphology
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Trichodina centrostrigeata Basson, Van As et Paperna, 1983 from Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) and O. niloticus (Linnaeus) from different host populations from Argentina, Mexico and South Africa was reviewed. Although T. centrostrigeata has a distinct denticle structure that makes morphological taxonomic inferences uncomplicated, variation of the denticles within and among individuals and populations were still observed. While traditional taxonomy of mobilines is heavily reliant on morphometrics, and recently even more so on molecular analysis, this paper proposes the use of geometric morphometry, specifically elliptical Fourier analysis, to address morphological conflicts that arise when comparing different populations. By applying this technique, combined with traditional taxonomy, it was found that T. centrostrigeata in this study can be grouped into two separate morphotypes, the first (type a) from aquaculture farms in Argentina and Mexico and the second (type b) from a natural habitat in Glen Alpine Dam, South Africa. This study supports the validity of geometric morphometry as an additional technique to distinguish not only between species but also evolutionary plasticity of the same species from different localities and habitats.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
35. Comparative study of head structures of larvae of Sphindidae and Protocucujidae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea)
- Creator:
- Beutel, Rolf Georg and Ślipiński, Stanislaw Adam
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Cucujoidea, Sphindidae, Protocucujidae, larvae, morphology, and phylogeny
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Selected representatives of Cucujoidea, Cleroidea, Tenebrionoidea, Chrysomelidae, and Lymexylidae were examined. External and internal head structures of larvae of Sphindus americanus and Ericmodes spp. are described in detail. The data were analyzed cladistically. A sister group relationship between Sphindidae and Protocucujidae is suggested by the vertical position of the labrum. The monophyly of Cucujiformia is supported by the reduced dorsal and anterior tentorial arms, fusion of galea and lacinia, and the presence of tube-like salivary glands. Absence of M. tentoriopraementalis inferior and presence of a short prepharyngeal tube are potential synapomorphies of Cleroidea, Cucujoidea and Tenebrionoidea. The monophyly of Cleroidea and Cucujoidea is suggested by the unusual attachment of the M. tentoriostipitalis to the ventral side of the posterior hypopharynx. Cucujoidea are paraphyletic. The families Endomychidae, Coccinellidae and Nitidulidae are more closely related to the monophyletic Cleroidea, than to other cucujoid groups. Separation of the posterior tentorial arms from the tentorial bridge and presence of a maxillolabial complex are synapomorphic features of Cleroidea and these cucujoid families. For a reliable reconstruction of cucujoid interrelationships, further characters and taxa need to be studied.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
36. Comparative study of larvae of Tenebrionoidea (Coleoptera: Cucujiformia)
- Creator:
- Beutel, Rolf Georg and Friedrich , Frank
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Tenebrionoidea, larvae, morphology, character evolution, and phylogeny
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- External and internal head structures and external structures of the thorax and abdomen of larval representatives of Melandryidae (Orchesia), Ulodidae (Meryx), Oedemeridae (Pseudolycus) and Pythidae (Pytho) are described. The obtained data were compared to characters of other tenebrionoid larvae and to larval characters of other representatives of Cucujiformia. Characters potentially relevant for phylogenetic reconstruction are listed and were analysed cladistically. The data set is characterised by a high degree of homoplasy and the resolution of the strict consensus trees of 2650 or 815 (second analysis) minimal length trees is low. The monophyly of Tenebrionoidea is supported by several larval autapomorphies, e.g. posteriorly diverging gula, anteriorly shifted posterior tentorial arms, asymmetric mandibles and the origin of several bundles of M. tentoriopharyngalis from the well-developed gular ridges. Several features of the larval head are plesiomorphic compared to the cleroid-cucujoid lineage. The interrelationships of most tenebrionoid families not belonging to the pythid-salpingid and anthicid-scraptiid groups were not resolved. Synchroidae were placed as sister group of a clade comprising these two lineages and Prostomidae. A sistergroup relationship between Trictenotomidae and Pythidae seems to be well supported and the monophyly of the anthicid-scraptiid lineage was also confirmed. Another potential clade comprises Prostomidae, Mycteridae and Boridae, and possibly Pyrochroidae (s.str.) and Inopeplinae. The monophyly of Salpingidae (incl. Othniinae and Inopelinae) and Pyrochroidae (incl. Pedilinae) was not supported. Many features such as the shape of the head and body, sutures and ridges of the head capsule, the endocarina, the mandibles, the maxillary apex, and also characters of the terminal abdominal apex are highly variable, even within families. Especially the families Tetratomidae, Melandryidae, Colydiidae and Zopheridae show a high degree of variation in the larval stages. Several taxa appear isolated in terms of larval morphology within the families they are assigned to, e.g. Orchesia within Melandryidae, Sphindocis (Sphindocinae) within Ciidae, Calopus (Calopinae) within Oedemeridae and Penthe (Penthinae) within Tetratomidae. A broader spectrum of characters and a stepwise approach will be needed for a reliable clarification of the relationships within a very complex group like Tenebrionoidea.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
37. Comparison of morphological and physiological characteristics in two phenotypes of a rare and endangered plant, Begonia fimbristipula Hance
- Creator:
- Wang, Y., Shao, L., Wang, J., Ren, H., Liu, H., Zhang, Q. M., Guo, Q. F., and Chen, X. W.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fotosyntéza, photosynthesis, morphology, pigment, anatomy, epigenetic, macronutrient, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- The rare and endangered plant, Begonia fimbristipula, shows red and green phenotypes, differentiated by a coloration of the abaxial leaf surface. In this study, we compared morphological and physiological traits of both phenotypes. The results showed that the red phenotype contained a significantly higher chlorophyll content, closer arrangement of chloroplasts, and a more developed grana. In addition, the red phenotype transferred significantly more light energy into the electron transport during the photoreaction. Similarly, the maximum photosynthetic rate, instantaneous water-use and light-use efficiencies of the red B. fimbristipula were all significantly higher than those of the green individuals. The differentiation between these two phenotypes could be caused by their different survival strategies under the same conditions; epigenetic variations may be in some correlation with this kind of phenotype plasticity. Red B. fimbristipula has an advantage in resource acquisition and utilization and possesses a better self-protection mechanism against changes in environmental conditions, therefore, it might adapt better to global climate change compared to the green phenotype. Further studies on the possible epigenetic regulation of those phenotypic differentiations are needed., Y. Wang, L. Shao, J. Wang, H. Ren, H. Liu, Q. M. Zhang, Q. F. Guo, X. W. Chen., and Seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
38. Cryopreservation of roe deer abomasal nematodes for morphological identification
- Creator:
- Beraldo, Paola and Pascotto, Ernesto
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Nematoda, Trichostrongyloidea, glycerol, preservation, taxonomy, and morphology
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Conventional methods to preserve adult nematodes for taxonomic purposes involve the use of fixative or clearing solutions (alcohol, formaldehyde, AFA and lactophenol), which cause morphological alterations and are toxic. The aim of this study is to propose an alternative method based on glycerol-cryopreservation of nematodes for their subsequent identification. Adults of trichostrongylid nematodes from the abomasum of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus Linnaeus) were glycerol-cryopreserved and compared with those fixed in formaldehyde, fresh and frozen without cryoprotectans. Morphology, transparency and elasticity of the anterior and posterior portion of male nematodes were compared, especially the caudal cuticular bursa and genital accessories. The method presented is quick and easy to use, and the quality of nematode specimens is better than that of nematodes fixed by previously used fixatives. Moreover, glycerol cryopreserved nematodes can be stored for a long time at -20°C in perfect condition and they could be suitable for further analyses, such as histological or ultrastructural examinations.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
39. Data on the morphology of Viguiera dicrurusi Gupta, 1960 (Nematoda: Habronematidae) with notes on related forms
- Creator:
- Nandi, Anadi P.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Nematoda, morphology, SEM, Viguiera dicrurusi, and Viguiera viduae
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Morphology of the nematode Viguiera dicrurusi Gupta, 1960 harboured by Dicrurus macrocercus albirictus (Hodgson) (Passseriformes: Dicruridae) from Baruipara in 24-Pargonas (South) district, West Bengal, India was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This represents the first study of V. dicrurusi using SEM. Scanning electron micrographs provided detailed information about the nature of pseudolabial plates, number and shape of teeth, dentate nature of striae, and the relative position of vulva, anus and phasmid opening in female. A detailed morphometrical comparison of this species with Viguiera viduae Chabaud, 1960 described from Dicrurus forficatus from Madagascar indicates that V. viduae is a junior synonym of V. dicrurusi. Two other species, Viguiera bhujangai Jehan, 1972 and Viguiera adsimilisai Sood et Kalia, 1978 are considered species inquirendae.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
40. Demodex neomydis sp. n. (Acari: Demodecidae) from the hair follicles of the Mediterranean water shrew, Neomys anomalus (Insectivora: Soricidae)
- Creator:
- Bukva, V.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Acari, Demodecidae, Demodex, morphology, parasite, and insectivore
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Demodex neomydis sp. n. from the Mediterranean water shrew, Neomys anomalus, is described as a new species in all developmental stages. This demodecid is classified as a member of the genus Demodex Owen, 1843, but shows several morphological characters described in Soricidex dimorphus Bukva, 1982 and which are absent or very infrequent in other known Demodex species, viz., in the adult stage, a pair of shelf-like lamellae on the dorsum of the podosoma, dorso-lateral extension of the podosoma over the basal part of the gnathosoma, multiple opisthosomal organ in the male, and podosomal position of the vulva in the female. Immature stages of D. neomydis have unusual inflated idiosoma and dorsad deflected gnathosoma. All developmental stages of D. neomydis were found in the lumen of the hair follicles on the host’s muzzle, causing no gross pathological response. On histological level, the main pathological change was distension of infested hair follicles by accumulations of up to a dozen mites, which appear to feed on the epithelial cells of the hair follicle walls.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public