Cieľ: Cieľom štúdie bolo posúdiť bolesť, funkčný stav, úzkosť, depresiu, sociálne aktivity a sociálnu oporu u seniorov s reumatoidnou artritídou (RA) a ich vzájomné vzťahy, posúdiť možné rozdiely vzhľadom na pohlavie, rodinný stav, vek, trvanie ochorenia a komorbiditu. Metódy: U 60 seniorov s RA bola posudzovaná intenzita bolesti vizuálnou analógovou škálou (VAS), funkčná disabilita Stanfordským dotazníkom hodnotiacim zdravie indexom disability (HAQ-DI), úzkosť Beckovým inventárom úzkosti (BAI), depresia Zungovým sebahodnotiacim dotazníkom depresie (SDS) a sociálna interakcia škálou sociálnych aktivít (SA) a sociálnej opory (SO) nástroja Škály merania vplyvu chorôb kĺbov 2 (AIMS2). Výsledky: U seniorov s RA bolo zistené pociťovanie priemerne silnej bolesti, stredná až ťažká funkčná disabilita, prežívanie stredne silnej úzkosti a depresie, obmedzovanie v spoločenských aktivitách. Vo vnímaní sociálnej opory bolo zistené najlepšie skóre. Medzi sledovanými premennými boli Pearsonovou koreláciou zistené väčšinou signifikantné (P ≤ 0,05) kladné slabé až silné vzťahy. Medzi pohlaviami neboli zaznamenané rozdiely. Horšie skóre (P ≤ 0,05) bolo zistené v oblasti prežívania úzkosti a vo vnímanej sociálnej opore u osamelo žijúcich seniorov oproti seniorom žijúcim v manželskom zväzku. Štatisticky významný pozitívny vzťah (P ≤ 0,05) sa potvrdil medzi vekom a prežívaním úzkosti, medzi trvaním ochorenia a depresiou, medzi komorbiditou a funkčným stavom a depresiou. Záver: Ako naznačujú výsledky, prioritou v starostlivosti o túto skupinu seniorov by nemalo byť iba zmierňovanie bolesti a zlepšovanie/udržiavanie funkčných schopností, ale aj redukcia úzkosti a depresie, a to o to viac, čím sú seniori starší, čím u nich trvá ochorenie dlhšie, s komorbiditou a tiež u osamelo žijúcich., Aim: The aim of this study was to assess pain, functional status, anxiety, depression, social activity, and social support and their interactions in older adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to assess possible differences by gender, marital status, age, duration of disease, and co-morbidity. Methods: Pain intensity was assessed by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), functional disability by the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire – Disability Index (HAQ-DI), anxiety by the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), depression by the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), social activity by the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 (AIMS2) with scale of Social Activity (SA), and social support (SO) by AIMS2 with scale Support from family and friend in 60 elderly with RA. Results: There were found average strong pain, moderate to severe functional disability, moderate anxiety and moderate-to-marked depression, and limitation in social activity in elderly with RA. The best score was found in scale of social support. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) mild to severe relations were confirmed between explored objectives by Pearson’s correlations. Between genders no significant differences were recorded. Worse score (p ≤ 0.05) was detected in anxiety and social support in elderly living alone compared to married elderly. Between age and anxiety, duration of disease and depression, co-morbidity and functional disability, and depression were confirmed significant (p ≤ 0.05) positive relationships. Conclusion: According to results, not only pain reduction and improving/maintaining of functional status is the priority of care in elderly with RA, but also reduction of anxiety and depression is important, mainly in older, with longer duration of disease, co-morbidity and also for elderly living alone., Mária Sováriová Soósová, Renáta Suchanová, Libuša Tirpáková, and Literatura
Assaultive acts committed by people with a mental illness is a major public health issue that affects patients with their families, law enforcement authorities, and the public at large. Failure to provide treatment is in fact a major predictor of assaultive acts in patients with schizophrenia living in the community. Considering that the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia have similar sociocultural characteristics, these factors may be reflected in individuals with schizophrenia who have committed serious assaultive acts in Uzbekistan. Objectives: The aim of the work was to identify the sociocultural and clinical characteristics of schizophrenic representatives of indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia who have committed violent crimes in Uzbekistan and have been found insane in regard to their offence, and to compare these subjects to ones belonging to the other ethnic groups. Material and methods: The data were collected in 2010–2013 in the Tashkent High Security Psychiatric Hospital via face-to-face interviews and also from the patients’ charts and from forensic psychiatric examination statements. Results: The sample consisted of 201 individuals. The sample was 90.1 percent (n = 181) male, with a predominance of the paranoid schizophrenia subtype according to the ICD-10 criteria. Of the subjects, 174 ones (86.6%) were representatives of the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia, and 27 ones (13.4%) were representatives of other ethnic groups. The duration of illness among the subjects belonging to the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia was less than in the other group; the individuals were rarely referred to psychiatric care because of the popularity of alternative medicine and the stigma attached to mental illness. A positive correlation between violence and various psychotic symptoms, such as delusions, hallucinations, and thought disorder, has also been demonstrated in this group. European Medical, Health and Pharmaceutical Journal ISSN 1804-5804 Conclusions: Sociocultural characteristics, such as delayed referral for psychiatric care because of the popularity of alternative medicine and the stigma attached to mental illness among the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia, frequently factor into committing serious acts of assault because of developing psychotic symptoms at the early stages of disease despite their sufficient socioenvironmental adaptation., Saida Yеshimbetova, Bulat Chembaev, and Literatura
Cíl: Cílem práce bylo zjistit a následně porovnat kvalitu života žen s přirozeným otěhotněním s kvalitou života žen po umělém oplodnění. Kvalita života byla u těchto dvou skupin žen hodnocena během těhotenství dvakrát, a to ve 20. – 28. týdnu těhotenství a před termínem porodu. Metodika: Ke sběru empirických dat byl použit standardizovaný dotazník Světové zdravotnické organizace WHOQOL – BREF. Výzkumný vzorek tvořilo 160 těhotných žen, z nichž bylo 80 žen po spontánním otěhotnění a 80 žen po umělém oplodnění. Výzkum byl realizován ve Fakultní nemocnici v Ostravě, Gyncentru v Ostravě a Gyncentru v Opavě. Výsledky: Těhotné ženy po spontánním i po umělém oplodnění hodnotily kvalitu života v těhotenství jako dobrou při prvním (20. – 28. týden těhotenství) i při druhém hodnocení (před termínem porodu). Spokojenost se zdravím hodnotily oba soubory žen při prvním i druhém hodnocení v průměru jako dobrou. Největší rozdíl v hodnocení byl v první doméně posuzující fyzické zdraví. Ve 20. – 28. týdnu těhotenství hodnotily ženy po spontánním otěhotnění své fyzické zdraví lépe než před termínem porodu (p < 0,001). Naproti tomu u žen po umělém oplodnění nedošlo k tak významnému rozdílu mezi prvním a druhým hodnocením. Při hodnocení dalších tří domén těhotnými ženami ať už po spontánním nebo umělém oplodnění nedošlo k výrazným rozdílům v hodnocení. Závěr: Kvalita života přímo nezávisí na způsobu otěhotnění, ale je velmi individuální, stejně tak i výskyt nepříjemných pocitů provázejících těhotenství., Objective: The aim of the work was to find out and consequently compare the quality of life of women who got pregnant naturally with those who underwent artificial insemination. Quality of life was evaluated twice during the pregnancy, between the 20th and 28th week and just before actual childbirth. Methods: A standardized questionnaire WHOQOL – BREF was used for empirical data collection. The sample was made up of 160 pregnant women divided into two groups: 80 women who had got pregnant naturally and 80 women who underwent artificial insemination. The research was realized at the Faculty hospital Ostrava, Gyncentre Ostrava and Gyncentre Opava. Results: Both groups confirmed quality of life as good during the first and the second evaluation and satisfaction with one's health was on average good as well. The biggest difference was related to physical health. Between the 20th and 28th week of pregnancy women who got pregnant naturally determined their physical health as better than before actual childbirth (p < 0,001). However, not so for women who were artificially inseminated, where differences were not so significant. In the other areas of the study no significant differences were found between either groups. Conclusion: Quality of life does not directly depend on the means of getting pregnant but is very much individual, as well as the occurrence of any unpleasant feelings during the pregnancy., Bohdana Dušová, Markéta Tulisová, and Literatura