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2. Biology of the conifer needle scale, Nuculaspis abietis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), in northern Iran and parasitism by Aspidiotiphagus citrinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

Creator:
Rasekh, Arash, Michaud, J. P., and Varandi, Hassan Barimani
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, entomologie, Írán, Iran, Nuculaspis abietis, Diaspididae, Hemiptera, Aspidiotiphagus citrinus, Aphelinidae, Hymenoptera, Picea abies, Norway spruce, development, host range, parasitism, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The conifer needle scale, Nuculaspis abietis (Schrank) emerged as an important pest of conifers in the Kelardasht region of Mazandaran province, Iran, in the late 1990's. This pest feeds on conifer needles and twigs causing needle drop and branch desiccation. Its discovery in Kelardasht in Mazandaran Province necessitated a local quarantine of conifers in the genera Picea, Abies, and Pinus. We studied the life history and ecology of this scale on Norway spruce, Picea abies, under laboratory and natural field conditions. The complete life cycle of females required 206.4 ± 5.7 days in the laboratory (25 ± 1°C, 65-75% RH, 14L : 10D) and 315.7 ± 9.3 days under field conditions. In Kelardasht, numbers of adult males and females peaked in mid-June and early May, respectively, and numbers of first and second instar nymphs in mid-July and early September. Lifetime fecundity was estimated to be 57.3 ± 5.1 eggs and 54.0 ± 4.4 nymphs per female under laboratory conditions. The sex ratio ranged from 59% female for second instar nymphs to 71% female for adults. Aspidiotiphagus citrinus (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) was found naturally parasitizing the scale and overwintering in the larval stage on second instar nymphs. First generation adult wasps emerged in spring from overwintered second instar nymphs to parasitize 64.75% of first instar scales. Second generation wasps emerged from early September to mid-October and parasitized 19.75% of second instar scales, for a cumulative parasitism rate of 84.5%. and Arash RASEKH, J.P. MICHAUD, Hassan BARIMANI VARANDI.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3. Íránští tesaříci rodu Purpuricenus

Creator:
Simandl, Jiří
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, hmyz, tesaříkovití, insects, long-horned beetles, Írán, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Článek shrnuje dosavadní znalosti o druhové diverzitě, bionomii a rozšíření rodu Purpuricenus (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) na území Íránu s dílčími poznámky o jejich výskytu a ekologii., The article summarises recent knowledge related to the diversity, bionomy and distribution of species of the genus Purpuricenus (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in Iran. Some previously less known occurence data and ecological notes are briefly mentioned., and Jiří Simandl.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

8. Společenské postavení a občanský aktivismus žen v Íránské islámské republice

Creator:
Martina Ponížilová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Sociologie kultury. Kulturní život, společenské postavení, aktivismus (politika), ženy, social status, activism (politics), women, Írán, Iran, 1, and 316.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article deals with changes in the social status of women, their civil rights and women's activism in iran. The text focuses primarily on the period after the establishment of the Islamic Republic and the implementation of Sharica law. The situation and the rights of women have undergone change in the past three decades in connection with politics and the interests of the Islamist regime. Because of several limitations in relation to the rights of women, Iranian women have sought to influnce public opinion and to change laws through various women's journals and also through their professions. Female politicians have tried to change the system from inside by influencing the laws concerning women's issues and they have stood as candidates in parliamentary elections, even wanting to stand as candidates in presidential elections. The growing activism of Iranian women has been obvious, expecially since the 1990s, and it reached its peak during the post-election protests of June 2009, following the allegedly manipulated presidential elections., Martina Ponížilová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public