The paper addresses the history of Czech psychology with special emphasis on the history of psychology both at universities and at specialized research institutes. The authors deal with the pre-history and origins of Czech psychology as well as the development of psychology after establishing the Czechoslovak Republic in 1918, including the beginnings of work and organizational psychology as psychotechnics. The autors base the article mainly on works of the historiographer of psychology Jiří Hoskovec, and they want to pay tribute to his work with this article. At the end also the current state of psychology - existing associations, journals and main trends in Czech psychology are introduced., Článek se věnuje historii psychologie v ČR se zaměřením na rozvoj oboru v rámci univerzit a výzkumných institucí. Autoři se zabývají starší historií a původem české psychologie v jiných oborech. Dále je popsán vývoj české psychologie po roce 1918 v rámci Československé republiky, kdy se rozvíjela psychologie práce a také psychotechnika. Článek vychází z prací historiografa psychologie J. Hoskovce, kterému tímto článkem chceme vzdát hold. V závěru je shrnut současný stav psychologie a jmenujeme existující asociace, vydávané časopisy a hlavní trendy české psychologie., Daniel Heller, Simona Hoskovcová., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Dnešní podmínky na trhu vyžadují, aby vedoucí pracovníci neziskových organizací jednali stále více obchodním způsobem. Studie zjišťuje, zda vedoucí pracovníci neziskových organizací mají podobné dispozice k podnikatelskému jednání jako podnikatelé, ale jsou jinak motivováni. Při výzkumu byly pomocí standardních osobnostních testů a rozhovorů porovnány osobnostní rysy a vyjádřené motivy 72 vedoucích pracovníků neziskových organizací s 117 podnikateli. Obě skupiny vykazují podobné obecné a specificky podnikatelské osobnostní rysy, ale významně se liší, pokud jde o jejich motivaci. Zatímco motivace vedoucích pracovníků neziskových organizací pramení především ze smyslu jejich práce, podnikatelé jsou motivováni především nezávislostí a příjmem, které jim jejich práce poskytuje. Článek umožňuje lépe pochopit, kdo jsou vedoucí pracovníci neziskových organizací., Today's market conditions require nonprofit leaders to act in an increasingly business-like fashion. This study asks whether NPO leaders have a similar disposition to act entrepreneurially as for-profit entrepreneurs, but hold different underlying motives. For this purpose, the study contrasts a sample of 72 leaders of nonprofit organizations with 117 entrepreneurs on their personality traits and explicit motives using standard personality tests and interviews. Both groups exhibit similar general and entrepreneurship-specific personality traits but differ significantly regarding their motivation. While nonprofit leaders motivation stems primarily from the meaningfulness of their work; entrepreneurs are mainly motivated by the independence as well as by the income and profit provided by their work. This paper helps us understand who leaders of nonprofit organizations are., Martin Lukeš, Ute Stephan., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Objectives. The main goal of the study was to analyse in detail specific family indicators and their relation to selected indicator of life satisfaction in a representative sample of Czech children. Sample and setting. A total number of 4 351 children aged 11, 13 and 15 years out of 88 randomly selected schools in Czech Republic formed the study population. The data was acquired in the framework of the WHO study “The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children: A WHO Cross National Study” (HBSC) in June 2010 by means of standardized questionnaires. Research questions. Is formal structure of family or the quality of communication more important for children's life satisfaction? Statistical analysis. Statistical analysis included descriptive analyses, the x2 test of independence in contingency tables, Fisher’s exact test, two samples T-test, one and two way analysis of variance using the NCSS 2007 program. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of family on life satisfaction of children and prevalence odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were calculated as measure of association. Results. Life satisfaction was high for majority of children, it reached two thirds of possible maximum at both of the followed scales (Cantril index, Huebner scale) for the whole sample. Life satisfaction was significantly associated (p<0,001) with age, gender, formal structure of family and quality of communication in family. Children from complete families with easy or very easy communication with both parents had the highest values at both of the followed life satisfaction scales. Study limitations. Limitations of the study result from the cross-sectional design and data based on self-reports. Both life satisfaction and family were analysed on the basis of selected question categories., L. Hodačová, E. Čermáková, J. Šmejkalová, E. Hlaváčková, M. Kalman., and Obsahuje seznam literatury